Chapter 10 Pre, Post, and Study Test

A person consumes the equivalent of 75 mg of tryptophan from protein alone. How many niacin equivalents does this represent?

1.25

A 35-year-old man consumed the following folate-containing foods for lunch: 2 slices fortified bread = 14 μg food folate, 48 μg synthetic folate 4 tablespoons peanut butter = 47 μg) food folate ½ cup carrot sticks = 12 μg food folate orange = 48 μg food folate 2 graham crackers = 5 μg food folate, 8 μg synthetic folate What percentage of his RDA for folate did his lunch provide?

55

The vitamin C deficiency disease is known as

scurvy

Vitamin C is involved in the ____.

synthesis of collagen

Vitamin B: Thiamin

deficiency leads to condition known as beriberi

B12 (Symptom)

degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis

Biotin toxicities are extremely common.

false

Hard-cooked eggs are the best natural source of folate.

false

Infections and burns decrease the body's need for vitamin C.

false

Inositol is a nonessential, nonprotein amino acid made in the body from lysine that helps transport fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane.

false

Niacin supplements taken 1 month before conception and continued throughout the first trimester of pregnancy can help prevent neural tube defects.

false

Studies clearly show that vitamin C aids in the prevention and treatment of the common cold.

false

Vitamins yield energy when metabolized

false

___ - soluble vitamins are more likely to reach toxic levels in the body.

fat

Vitamin B: Riboflavin

also known as vitamin B2

As ____, vitamin C may help prevent diseases.

an antioxidant

Prolonged thiamin deficiency can result in ____.

beriberi

The rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used is known as

bioavailability

The rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used is referred to as its ____.

bioavailability

Which food will provide the most vitamin C per serving?

broccoli

Vitamin B: Niacin

can be made from the amino acid tryptophan

Vitamin B: Folate

can help prevent spina bifida and other neural tube defects

Of these foods, which is the best source of B6 per kcalorie?

chicken breast

Which of these essential nutrients is commonly grouped with the B vitamins, even though it is not defined as a vitamin?

choline

The need for vitamin C is increased for which of these groups?

cigarette smokers

Which of these groups has an increased need for vitamin C?

cigarette smokers

riboflavin (Symptom)

cracks and redness at corners of mouth

Choline (Symptom)

liver damage

Deficiency of choline is associated with _____.

liver damage

What deficiency disease produces the symptoms known as the "four Ds?"

pellagra

What disease is associated with a deficiency of B12?

pernicious anemia

Compounds, like beta-carotene, that can be converted into active vitamins are known as

precursors

Vitamin B: Vitamin B12

requires intrinsic factor for absorption

Which one of these steps can help minimize vitamin losses?

rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after

What disease results from a vitamin C deficiency?

scurvy

With a folate deficiency, ____.

the production of red blood cells falters

Bioavailability refers to the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used

true

Liver is an excellent source of riboflavin

true

Many older adults develop vitamin B12 deficiency because they develop atrophic gastritis.

true

Niacin can be made in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.

true

Prolonged thiamin deficiency can result in the disease beriberi.

true

Red bell peppers provide more vitamin C per serving than do oranges.

true

The niacin-deficiency disease pellagra produces the symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and eventually death.

true

Without adequate vitamin B6, abnormal compounds produced during tryptophan metabolism accumulate in the brain.

true

A hydrophilic vitamin is ____.

vitamin C

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) addresses the possibility of adverse effects from high doses of nutrients by including the ____.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Vitamin B6 (Symptom)

microcytic anemia

Vitamin B12 is easily destroyed by _____.

microwaving

From which of these food groups do most people get their riboflavin?

milk and milk products

What foods provide the greatest contributions of riboflavin?

milk and milk products