Chapter 10 - Tourism Motivation & Travel Benefits
Travel Career Ladder (Pearce)
1) Relaxation 2)Stimulation 3)Relationship 4)Self-esteem and development 5)Fulfillment
Destination Restorative Qualities
1. Compatibility 2. Fascination 3. Physical Away-ness 4. Mental Anway-ness 5. Orientation 6. Scope
Max-Neef's need classification scheme
9 human needs: Subsistence, Protection, Affection, Understanding, Participation, Leisure, Creation, Identity, and Freedom
Motivation Tangibilization
A consumer develops specific wants or goals depending on his or her travel motives and beliefs.
Fascination
A destination's ability to hold visitor attention effortlessly
Preconditions
A person can develop travel motivations based on two broad preconditions: 1) need deficiency and 2) curiosity
Murray's Classification of Needs
Ambition, Materialism, Power, Affection, and Information
Compatibility
Congruence or match between a visitor and the place he/she visits
Motivational Orientation
People seek to travel to 1) escape undesirable situations in life, and to 2) seek desirable situations; That is, A lack of alone time may drive the individual to travel to escape social engagements and to seek solitary times.
Travel Motivation POST Scheme
Preconditions Motivational Orientation Motivational Strength Motivation Tangibilization
Destination Orientation
Sense of orientation and ease at a destination or hospitality service environment is imperative (e.g., road sign designs and placements, site configuration and orientation, timely information) and guiding services, and interpretive programs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Survival (bottom), Safety, Belonging & love, Esteem, Self-actualization (top), To know and understand, Aesthetics
Travel Need
a manifest human need, expressible in terms of fundamental needs such as Maslow's self-actualization
Physical Away-ness
a sense of psychological distance between one's usual routine or regular or ongoing pursuit of activities and purposes
Tangible
a specific destination such as facilities, historic resources, climate, nature, beach, and environment
Rest and Relaxation are a...
baseline travel motivation for contemporary consumers
Travel Motivation
consumers' psychological impetuses for using travel to satisfy fundamental human needs
Intangible
desire for escape, relax, exploration, & social interaction
Alderfer's ERG Theory
existence, relatedness, growth
Pull factors
external factors that attract people toward a particular travel destination once push factors lead to the rise of travel desire (Tangible)
Although a person may want satisfaction for needs, ...
no action will be taken until that person is MOTIVATED
Travel Benefit
positive personal outcomes brought upon consumers as a result of travel, or one's general beliefs about such positive outcomes
Characteristics of Motivation
represents a psychological driving force for consumer action
Destination Scope
richness and extent of the activities, sights and programs provided to engage visitors at a destination
Travel is a form of behavior that...
satisfies fundamental human needs
Travel Want
tangible articulation for consumers to express their travel need and motivation
Push factors
the intrinsic motives or psychological forces that drive people to seek out travel activities (Intangible)
Motivational Strength
the psychological potency of one's beliefs about the benefits that a particular trip can generate or the beliefs that travel in general can generate