Chapter 11, Chapter 12, Chapter 13

"It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such an individual who, here concentrated into a single point, reaches out over the world and dominates it." To whom was the philosopher G. W. F. Hegel referring here, seeing in this individual the embodiment of the World-Spirit?

B) Napoleon Bonaparte

What statement best expresses the utilitarian philosophy of J. S. Mill?

B) actions are right insofar as they promote happiness

What term or phrase is best applied to Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin's painting Boy Spinning Top?

B) bourgeois influence

For what reason would Turner's The Slave Ship have been criticized by traditional art critics?

B) disregarded precise detail in favor of atmospheric color and light

Which statement best describes the works of J.-H. Fragonard, creator of The Progress of Love?

B) embodied the light-hearted charm of the rococo

What statement best describes Goya's Executions of the Third of May, 1808?

B) expresses a romantic protest against tyranny and oppression

Which topic best describes the principal concern of the liberal revolutions of 1776 and 1789?

B) freedom from tyranny and arbitrary government authority

What characteristic of the impressionist style is best illustrated by Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette?

B) gaiety of life communicated through light and color

"The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending we lay waste our powers . . ." What romantic idea is expressed in these lines from a poem by William Wordsworth?

B) humans are too easily distracted from nature by material pursuits

What figure understood the human will in light of his pessimistic conclusion that "life is given us, not to be enjoyed, but to be overcome"?

A) Arthur Schopenhauer

Which of these was a novel of willful and tortured souls living in the wild English countryside, buffeted by romantic passion and moral dilemma?

A) Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre

What composer achieved innovations in orchestration and tonality that are often called "impressionism in music"?

A) Claude Debussy

Which work develops and applies the concept of the Übermensch—a type of humans willing to reach "beyond good and evil" and create their own values?

A) Friedrich Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra

Which of these was famed as a virtuoso pianist and composer of Polish dances such as the mazurka and polonaise?

A) Frédéric Chopin

The romantic hero who strives excessively for greater love, power, and knowledge, is best exemplified by what figure?

A) Goethe's Faust

Which of these works best illustrates the fashion of sensibilité by its appeal to moralizing sentiment?

A) Greuze's The Bride of the Village

Which of these works might have been most influenced by Palladio's book of classical designs, an important document in eighteenth-century neoclassicism?

A) Jefferson's Monticello

What philosophical or religious idea exercised the greatest influence on Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?

A) John Locke's concept of rights belonging to the people

In which of these works might one expect to read the impassioned letters of a virtuous servant?

A) Richardson's Pamela

Which of these literary works is an example of the epistolary novel?

A) Richardson's Pamela

Who created romanticized portraits that he called "fancy pictures" that appealed to the wealthy classes of eighteenth-century Britain?

A) Thomas Gainsborough

What pair of painters responded to the impressionist style by seeking more intense expressiveness of color and design?

A) Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin

Who was the author of the poem "London" and other romantic protests against the effects of industrial urban life on children and the poor?

A) William Blake

Which of these would one most likely visualize during the last movement of Berlioz' Symphonie fantastique?

A) a murderer's march to the scaffold

What best describes the achievement of Jonathan Swift?

A) a satirical commentator on human folly

Marie Anne de Cupis de Camargo was a central figure in the development of what art?

A) ballet dance

Which statement best describes the tone of sculptural works of Antonio Canova, as evidenced in his reclining figure of Pauline Bonaparte as Venus?

A) coolly neoclassical in their style

Which statement best describes a central principle of "social" Darwinism?

A) divisions in society result from a competitive struggle for life

J. A. D. Ingres' Grande Odalisque is an example of what romantic theme?

A) interest in the exotic

Why would traditional art critics in 1850 have criticized Gustave Courbet's Burial at Ornans?

A) it depicted a commonplace scene from ordinary life

The literary names of Gustave Flaubert and Henrik Ibsen are closely associated with what "-ism"?

A) realism

Which movement or style employed shell-like decoration and themes of playful sexuality or seduction?

A) rococo

Which phrase best describes the music of Claude Debussy, as exemplified in works like Prelude to 'Afternoon of a Faun' and Claire de lune (Moonlight)?

A) static compositions based on tonal colors and harmonic innovation

In what phenomenon did the Parisian Madame Geoffrin play an important role?

A) the success of the salon as an intellectual and social occasion

What best states the hero's thoughts at the end of Voltaire's tale Candide?

A) we must work without theorizing

Which of these best illustrates Napoleon's desire to recast Paris in the style of the great imperial capital Rome?

B) Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile

What pair of painters best defines the pure impressionist style of brilliant color and vibrant brushwork?

B) Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Which of these works was most influenced by Lord Byron's vision of a rebellious and self-destructive hero?

B) Delacroix's The Death of Sardanapalus

Which of these works would properly be classified as "realist"—aiming to depict its subject in full detail and with honesty?

B) Flaubert's Madame Bovary

Which most directly expresses the neoclassical desire for simplicity and classical decoration?

B) Gabriel's Petit Trianon

Which of these romantic works inspired a set of illustrations by Delacroix, several Lieder by Schubert, and an opera by Charles Gounod?

B) Goethe, Faust

What American impressionist painter was known for paintings focused on the intimacy of mother and child?

B) Mary Cassatt

With what term or concept did Adam Smith describe the principle that individuals pursuing their individual self-interest would naturally create prosperity and happiness for all?

B) invisible hand

What made Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace notable?

B) iron-and-glass construction

The Marriage of Figaro by W. A. Mozart is an example of what musical form?

B) opera

Which of these characteristics best describes Georges Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte?

B) painstaking method of applying tiny dots of color

What was the most notable achievement of Marie-Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun?

B) paint flattering portraits of Europe's nobility

Which of these would have been the most appropriate setting for a small rococo entertainment or a salon of Parisian wits and philosophers?

B) the Hôtel de Soubise, Paris

Why would the artistic public of the 1860s most likely have rejected Edouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass?

B) the picture placed a bold nude woman in a contemporary setting

Which statement best describes the aim of the Enlightenment philosophes?

B) the practical application of reason to human problems

Which movement or style aimed to free Germany from artificial imitations of French culture?

B) the sentimental drama

Which term is best associated with Louis Sullivan's Wainright Building in St. Louis and other "Chicago-style" skyscrapers?

B) the steel-cage frame

Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution as it had progressed by the year 1820?

B) transformed textile production through the introduction of power machinery

What stylistic term is best associated with the flowing lines and vegetal decoration of Gaudí's Casa Milá in Barcelona?

C) Art Nouveau

Which of these paintings is notable for the vitality of its treatment of light and color, a method that influenced other painters?

C) Constable's The White Horse

Which work best embodies the principles of eighteenth-century neoclassicism?

C) David's Oath of the Horatii

Which of these works celebrated the romantic belief in political freedom and social unity?

C) Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People

Who was an impressionist painter whose works are marked by careful observation of the human figure, often in awkward movements and positions?

C) Edgar Degas

What figure popularized the taste for the austere works of ancient Greece?

C) Johann J. Winckelmann

"Would men but generously snap our chains, and be content with rational fellowship instead of slavish obedience, they would find us more observant daughters, more affectionate sisters, more faithful wives, more reasonable mothers . . ." These lines are from an early feminist manifesto by what author?

C) Mary Wollstonecraft

In what European city would one have seen the first impressionist exhibition?

C) Paris

In whose world would one expect to find a Leitmotif?

C) Richard Wagner

Which is a post-impressionist work that used vivid colors to achieve greater emotional power and expressiveness than the impressionists did themselves?

C) Van Gogh's Starry Night

Which of these is a pictorial example of satire—the effort to improve society by humorous criticism of its folly and foibles?

C) William Hogarth's The Marriage Contract

Which of these is most directly involved or employed in an opera performance?

C) a libretto

In what kind of work would one most likely expect to encounter the technique of the idée fixe?

C) a symphony by Hector Berlioz

In Rousseau's Social Contract, what was the term for the collective desire of citizens as guided by public virtue?

C) general will

What was a central argument in Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto?

C) history advances by a dialectical struggle between classes

Which statement best describes the statue of the novelist Balzac sculpted by Auguste Rodin?

C) suggests the appetites and energy of its famous subject

Which movement or style aimed to compile all human knowledge as a practical guide to the improvement of the human condition?

C) the Encyclopedists

Rousseau's novel titled Émile would today be most influential in what field of study?

C) the philosophy of education

How did Ludwig van Beethoven substantially alter the Classical symphony form of Haydn and Mozart?

C) used the motif to expand and unify the symphony structure

Which of these decadent and mystical artists helped inspire a movement called l'art pour l'art — "art for art's sake"— with morbidly erotic poetry?

D) Charles Baudelaire

In which work is the principle of "natural selection" a central concept?

D) Darwin's Origin of Species

Which two artists are most closely associated with the rococo style in art?

D) J.-H. Fragonard and Antoine Watteau

What leading painter of the French Revolution shifted his allegiance to Napoleon and became the "First Painter" of imperial France?

D) Jacques-Louis David

What poet wrote a sprawling dramatic poem based on the medieval legend of a scholar who sells his soul to the devil?

D) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Which is the best example of romantic exoticism - the Western fascination with the styles and subjects of Islamic and Asian civilizations?

D) Nash's Royal Pavilion, Brighton

What pair of painters sought to develop beyond the impressionist style in the direction of greater formal order and abstraction?

D) Paul Cézanne and Georges Seurat

Which figure, inspired by the principles of the French revolution, led the inhabitants of his Caribbean island home against the power of the Napoleonic empire?

D) Toussaint l'Ouverture

In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, how is the central figure of the doctor best characterized?

D) a Prometheus with God-like ambitions but morally blind

How is the hanamichi best described?

D) a ramp used for actors' stylized entrances and exits

How is Fyodor Dostoevsky's tale of the "Grand Inquisitor," from his novel The Brothers Karamazov, best described?

D) a savage critique of religion's role in imperialist oppression

With what term or concept did the Federalist write James Madison describe the self-regulating interaction among branches of government in the U.S. Constitution?

D) checks and balances

What would an eighteenth-century deist most likely have done?

D) doubted the revelations of the Christian Bible

How is the style of Art Nouveau best described?

D) employed floral and vegetal motifs

Which phrase best describes program music, a frequent format of music in the romantic era?

D) explicitly tells a story or describes a place

What aspect of the romantic sensibility is best expressed in Albert Bierstadt's painting Among the Sierra Nevada?

D) fascination with the unspoiled beauty of nature

What technique of the impressionist and post-impressionist styles, visible especially in Mary Cassatt's later works, was adapted from Japanese ukiyo-e prints?

D) flattened perspective and unbroken fields of bright color

In explaining the importance of Baron Haussmann's new Paris, which cheerfully destroyed traditional neighborhoods in favor of efficient boulevards and up-to-date apartment buildings, what term would you most appropriately use?

D) modernity

Which statement best applies to Goya's etching The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth Monsters, a scene of an artist asleep at his desk?

D) realizes the romantic fascination with evil, the grotesque and bizarre

For what shortcoming would a tradition-minded connoisseur most likely have criticized early impressionist paintings?

D) sketchy brushstrokes

Which statement best describes Richard Wagner's cycle of four operas titled Ring of the Nibelung?

D) synthesized orchestral music, song, and staging in a "total" art work

What Japanese art, perfected by the artists Hiroshige and Hokusai, exercised a great influence on European artists of the late nineteenth century?

D) the color wood-block print

Which of these would one expect to hear in the sonata allegro movement of a Classical symphony?

D) the development

François Boucher's The Toilet of Venus most clearly illustrates what idea or topic?

D) the luxurious self-indulgence of the rococo style

What term describes the idea, popularized by J.-J. Rousseau, that human society originated in an agreement among naturally free individuals to establish the rule of law and civil society?

D) the social contract