chapter 11 health
complete injury
there is no function below the level of the injury—no sensation and no voluntary movement
incomplete injury
there is some functioning below the primary level of the injury. There are major changes from spinal cord injury (depending on severity) to manage—loss of bladder, bowel, and sexual function are compounded by psychological outcomes such as feelings of bewilderment, disbelief, anger, fear, hope, and despair
Autoerotic behavior was the most common sexual behavior for those with mild intellectual disabilities.
true
Causes of dementia include stroke, Parkinson disease, head trauma, brain tumor, infectious disease (HIV and syphilis), and long-term alcohol abuse
true
Crystal methamphetamine is a stimulant that decreases inhibitions, enhances libido, and heightens perceptions of sexual intensity.
true
Ecstasy has both stimulant and psychedelic effects that can result in increased energy; enhanced sense of pleasure and self-confidence; and feelings of peacefulness, acceptance, and closeness with others.
true
Following a traumatic brain injury, a person may have a reduced sex drive.
true
For men with spinal cord injury who are able to achieve erection, intercourse may take place with the partner sitting down on the erect penis. If erection is not achieved, some couples use the stuffing technique, in which partners push the soft penis into the woman's vagina, which she then contracts to hold the penis inside her. For some men with spinal cord injury, Viagra or an inflatable penile prosthesis implant can be helpful in achieving erection.
true
Health condition that involves functional deficits in performing activities of daily living
true
Hormone replacement therapy can be helpful for some women with surgical menopause.
true
In a study of the sexuality of 80 men and 80 women who had type 2 diabetes, 65% of the men reported male sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction) while 68% of the women reported female sexual dysfunction, such as lack of sexual desire and orgasmic dysfunction.
true
In women, alcoholism can intefere with ovulation and menstruation.
true
It is common for people with dementia to engage in uninvited touching.
true
Most have type 2 diabetes associated with obesity in later life.
true
People who are chronically ill often develop a negative body image.
true
Radiation can impact a woman's fertility.
true
Some people may search online for a diagnosis because they are anxious about discussing sexual terms with their doctor.
true
Some people use alcohol to tolerate sexual relations.
true
Symptoms of sexual dysfunction increase over time for people with MS.
true
The American Heart Association issued new guidelines on sexual activity for individuals with cardiovascular disease and their partners (Steinke et al., 2013). Hugging, holding, physical intimacy focused on enjoying arousal is safe, but use of medications such as Viagra should occur only if recommended by a physician.
true
The disabled are sometimes assumed to be asexual—to have no interest in sexual expression with a partner (Lund & Johnson, 2015). This misconception contributes to the fact that physicians and health-care professionals generally ignore the sexuality of the ill or disabled.
true
These symptoms checkers often include not just a first diagnosis but also a list of 20 other possible diagnoses—the correct diagnosis appeared in the top 20 list only 58% of the time (Semigran et al., 2015).
true
Treatment for prostate cancer may involve surgical removal of the prostate (a procedure known as a radical prostatectomy) and/or surgical removal of the testicles (known as an orchiectomy). Removal of both testicles stops the production of the hormone testosterone that nourishes the cancer. These surgical procedures result in infertility. Other sexual effects of these surgeries include erection problems; low sexual desire; and lack of orgasm, dry orgasm, and weaker orgasm.
true
Use of drugs and sex has been referred to as chemsex and thought to be a public health problem in that it may lead to HIV, STIs, etc.
true
When pain interferes with intercourse, people can try to reframe satisfaction as a whole body experience.
true
Women make and break virginity pledges more than men
true
peer support, masturbation, use of the internet to meet new partners, and communication were important in regaining their sexuality.
true
the "hookup culture" (casual sex) is now the predominant sexual value
true
Symptoms of MS
which vary from person to person, may include lack of muscle coordination; weakness and fatigue; tremors; spasms; stiffness; slurred speech; impaired genital sensation; pain (stabbing pain in the face or down the spine; burning, aching, cramping, or pins-and-needles sensation); numbness in the face, body, or extremities; and cognitive impairment
Stoma
Protruding portion of the large or small intestine (bowel) or urinary system that is rerouted and brought to the skin surface of the abdomen during ostomy surgery (also called ostomy)
Double mastectomy
Removal of both breasts
Breast-conserving therapy
Removal of the cancerous lump rather than the whole breast (also called lumpectomy)
Surgical menopause
Sudden decrease in estrogen resulting from removal of the ovaries that can lead to decreased desire, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia
Comprehensive sex education is mandated in the UK from the primary grades through high school.
true
Dementia
Brain disorder involving multiple cognitive deficits, including memory impairment and at least one of the following: aphasia; agnosia; apraxia; or loss of ability to think abstractly and to plan, initiate, sequence, monitor, and stop complex behavior
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic disease in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin, which is necessary for metabolizing carbohydrates and fats
Traumatic brain injury
Closed head injury that results from an exterior force and creates a temporary or enduring impairment in brain functioning
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPID)
Collective term for diseases that affect the flow of air into the body, such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema (Individuals with COPD often experience fatigue due to decreased oxygen intake and the effort involved in breathing.)
Intellectual disability
Condition that involves subaverage intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior (also referred to as mental retardation)
Cerebral palsy
Condition, often caused by brain damage that occurs before or during birth or in infancy, resulting in muscular impairment and sometimes speech and learning disabilities
Ecstasy
Drug with both stimulant and psychedelic effects that can result in increased energy; enhanced sense of pleasure and self-confidence; and feelings of peacefulness, acceptance, and closeness with others; also known as MDMA, X, Molly, or E (use is also associated with dangerous risks, such as heart failure)
Endometriosis
Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, in the fallopian tubes or abdominal cavity, which may cause pain
Disability
Health condition that involves functional deficits in performing activities of daily living
Aphasia
Impaired communicative ability
Agnosia
Loss of auditory, sensory, or visual comprehension
Ostomy surgery
Surgery whereby a portion of the large or small intestine or urinary system is rerouted and brought to the skin surface of the abdomen, where the contents are collected in a bag (Cancers of the colon, rectum, bladder, cervix, or ovaries are typical causes of ostomy surgery.)
Penectomy
Surgical removal of part or all of the penis
Oophorectomy
Surgical removal of the ovaries
Radical prostatectomy
Surgical removal of the prostate
Orchiectomy
Surgical removal of the testicles
Schizophrenia
Mental disorder characterized by social withdrawal and disturbances in thought, motor behavior, and interpersonal functioning
Mental disorders
Mental states characterized by mild to severe disturbances in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress or impaired functioning (sometimes called mental illness)
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus
Quadriplegia
Paralysis from the neck down
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower half of the body
Alzheimer's disease
Progressive and degenerative brain disease progressing from mild memory loss, through significant cognitive impairment, to very serious confusion and the loss of ability to manage activities of daily living, such as dressing, eating, and bathing
Multiple sclerosis
Progressive disease that attacks the central nervous system
Substance abuse
The overuse or overdependence on drugs or chemicals that results in a failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home, the effects of which include danger (such as driving while impaired), recurrent substance-related legal problems, and continued substance use despite its negative effect on social or interpersonal relationships (also called substance dependence)
Medical model (view of intellectual disability)
Views the intellectually disabled individual as coping with a personal tragedy—which implies adjusting to limited functioning; views their sexual needs as nonexistent (also called the biological model)
Social model (view of intellectual disability)
Views the intellectually disabled individual as the product of specific social definitions that involve oppression and discrimination
stuffing technique
in which partners push the soft penis into the woman's vagina, which she then contracts to hold the penis inside her
Apraxia
inability to perform coordinated movements
Use of alcohol and other drugs is associated with
having unprotected sex
Believing that a good sexual relationship is something you need to work at is negatively associated with sexual quality.
false
Caretakers of the physically disabled are often seen as unnecessary.
false
Crystal methamphetamine is used to lessen one's sex drive.
false
Ecstasy has both stimulant and depressant effects.
false
In a high school, if there are more females than males, males are less likely to be romantic or to commit to one partner.
false
for people with cardiovascular disease, intimacy focused on enjoying sexual arousal should be done only with a doctor's permission.
false
Mastectomy
surgical removal of one breast