Chapter 11

Disorder in eating and body dissatisfaction reported across socioeconomic lines

Bulimia:

Eating disorder possibly cause of perfectionistic/overdemanding parents

Bulimia:

Higher incidence among females

Bulimia:

All teachers are mortal. [premise] Ms. Gonzales is a teacher [premise] Therefore Ms. Gonzales is mortal [conclusion] example of propositional logic in what stage

Formal Operational stage

Ability to reason abstractly, embodied in the use of formal operations, leads to a change in everyday behavior is part of what stage

Formal Operations Stage:

Adolescent sleep deprivation:

Lower grades Depression Difficulty controlling moods Greater risk of auto accidents

Poor eating habits Related health concerns

Obesity • Osteoporosis • Diabetes • Heart disease

what are these exampmles of • High consumption of junk food/sugar/fats • Large portion sizes • Lack of variety

Poor eating habits

Downside of Living Online

Safety • Digital divide • Objectionable material available • Growing problem of Internet gambling

ALCOHOL EFFECTS ON THE TEENAGE BRAIN

Smaller hippocampal and prefrontal white matter volume

For what disorder are about 10% of victims are male

anorexia

EGOCENTRISM IN ADOLESCENT THINKING These hallmarks of the period may produce a

high degree of egocentrism

Hormone surge causes mood swings:

• Boys = anger and annoyance & Girls = anger and depression

Late maturation in Boys

• Boys who are smaller and lighter than their more physically mature peers tend to be viewed as less attractive • Disadvantaged when it comes to sports activities and social activities • Decline in self-concept • They have positive qualities, such as insightfulness and assertiveness • They are more creatively playful than early maturers

Formal Operations Stage: 12+ years • Development of abstract and hypothetical reasoning

• Development of abstract and hypothetical reasoning • Development of propositional logic • Cultural differences in enactment

Formal Operations Stage Exhibits

• Exhibiting greater idealism and impatience with imperfections • Experiencing indecision

• Binge drinking teens did worse on thinking and memory tests

• Female drinkers performed poorly on tests of spatial functioning • Male drinkers did worse on tests of attention

Late maturation in Girls

• May be overlooked in dating and other mixed-sex activities during middle school, and they may have relatively low social status • Satisfaction with themselves and their bodies may be greater than that of early maturers • Fewer emotional problems

Early maturation in Boys

• More successful at athletics • They also tend to be more popular & more positive self-concept • They have difficulties in school, and are more likely to become involved in delinquency and substance abuse

Brain produces an oversupply of gray matter during adolescence which is later pruned at a rate of

1 to 2 percent per year

• Some teenagers send nearly ___ texts a month

30,000

• Teens develop a tolerance to alcohol more quickly than

adults

Adolescents show less sensitivity to negative side effects of alcohol

alcohol

• Adolescents more sensitive to neurological damage and show more cognitive impairment in response to _____compared with adults

alcohol

Bulimia:

binge and purge eating

Some of the changes of adolescence are not evident in physical changes, but

carry psychological weight

Kaiser Family Foundation survey: • Around a quarter of the time they are using more than one

form of medium simultaneously, they are actually being exposed to the equivalent of 8.5 hours per day

Formal Operations Stage Questions

parents and authority figures

EGOCENTRISM IN ADOLESCENT THINKING • New abilities make adolescents

particularly introspective and selfconscious

• Menstruation and ejaculations occur

privately,

changes in body shape and size are

public

• Adolescent egocentrism is a state of f

self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on onesel • Imaginary audience • Personal fables

Anorexia:

starvation to maintain low weight

Physical activity among both white and black adolescent females declines substantially over

the course of adolescence

Early maturation in Girls

• Obvious changes in their bodies - such as the development of breasts - may lead them to feel uncomfortable and different from their peers • May have to endure ridicule from their less mature classmates • Tend to be sought after more as potential dates, and their popularity may enhance their self-concepts

Girls (Menarche: Age 11-12) Puberty

• Onset: Nutrition, weight, health, stress • Primary Sex Characteristics: vagina & uterus • Secondary Sex Characteristics: Changes in Breasts (10), pubic hair (11), underarm hair (13)

No Child Left Behind Act

• Passed by Congress in 2002, requires that every U.S. state design and administer achievement tests that students must pass in order to graduate from high school • Schools are graded so that the public is aware of which schools have the best (and worst) test results

Boys (Spermarche ~ Age 12-13) puberty

• Primary Sex Characteristics: Penis and scrotum begin to grow at accelerated rate around age 12 and reach adult size 3-4 years later; Enlargement of prostate gland and seminal vesicles • Secondary Sex Characteristics: Pubic hair (12), followed by growth of underarm and facial hair, boy's voices deepen

Video Games & Cognitive Ability

• Shooter games showed improvements in attention, visual processing and mental rotation/ spatial abilities • Enhance problem solving skills

Unintended consequences of No Child Left Behind Act

• Teaching to the test • More anxious students • Bias against low SES and minority backgrounds or special needs children • Creativity/critical thinking discouraged in new teaching approaches

Metacognition improves during adolescence

• Thinking about one's own thoughts, leading to self-consciousness • Monitoring one's own learning processes more efficiently • Pacing one's own studying

Kaiser Family Foundation survey:

• Young people spend an average of 6.5 hours a day with media