Chapter 12
Water is unique in the way it behaves as a wonderful solvent of many substances. Which of the following is NOT correct? Multiple choice question.
H2O dissolves metals through metallic bond seperation
Which of the following statements correctly describe the surface tension of a liquid? Select all that apply. (Assume the liquid is a molecular substance.)
A polar liquid will have a higher surface tension than a nonpolar liquid. Surface tension is the amount of energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit area. Surface tension is the result of a net downward and inward force on the surface particles of a liquid.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the viscosity of a liquid? Select all that apply.
A liquid with stronger intermolecular forces will have a higher viscosity. The viscosity of a given liquid decreases with increasing temperature. Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow.
Which statement correctly explains how polarizability affects intermolecular forces? Multiple choice question.
A more polarizable molecule experiences stronger dispersion forces and therefore stronger intermolecular forces overall.
A liquid rises against the pull of gravity through a narrow space through capillary action. This results from a competition between the _____ intermolecular forces between the molecules of the liquid itself and the _____ forces between the liquid and the walls of the container. Multiple choice question.
Cohesive; Adhesive
Which of the following structural features would allow a molecular substance to exhibit hydrogen bonding between its molecules? Select all that apply.
One or more O-H bonds One or more N-H bonds
Half the distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms is the ______, whereas half the shortest distance between the nuclei of identical nonbonded atoms is the ______.
covalent radius; van der Waals radius
Condensation, freezing, and deposition are _____ phase changes, whereas melting, vaporization, and sublimation are _____ changes. Multiple choice question.
exothermic; endothermic
The larger a molecule or atom, the _____ the number of electrons and the _____ polarizable it will generally be. The strength of the dispersion forces for a particular substance therefore generally _____ as molar mass increases, providing molecules of similar shape are compared
greater; more; increases
The resistance of large bodies of water to changes in temperature with the input of energy (typically radiant solar energy) is a result of water's ___
high specific heat of vaporization
In a molecular substance, the covalent bonds between the atoms hold the individual molecule together as a unit and are referred to as _____ forces. The nonbonding forces of attraction between one individual molecule and another are called _____ forces. The physical behavior of the phases of matter reflect the difference in the strength of their _____. Multiple choice question.
intramolecular; intermolecular; intermolecular forces
The high capillary action of water is a result of its ______.
strong hydrogen bonding
True or false: Dispersion forces are exhibited only by nonpolar molecules.
False
Ice contains a very open structure due to the arrangement of H bonds. Liquid water is more dense than ice because H bonds ______, allowing a much tighter packing arrangement of molecules. Multiple choice question.
Are more random
Surface tensiob
Debris and bugs readily float on the surface of water because it has the highest ______ of any liquid except for some molten metals and salts.
Which of the following statements correctly describe dipole-dipole forces? Select all that apply.
Dipole-dipole forces are the forces of attraction between two polar molecules. For two compounds of similar molar mass, the greater the molecular dipole moment, the stronger the dipole-dipole forces.
Which of the following statements correctly describe dispersion or London forces? Select all that apply.
Dispersion forces are a weak attraction between temporary dipoles. All covalent compounds exhibit dispersion forces.
Which of the following statements correctly describe bonding and intermolecular forces? Select all that apply.
For a molecular substance, the strength of the intermolecular forces determines the physical properties of its phases. Intermolecular forces involve partial or small charges that are far apart and are relatively weak. Bonding forces are generally much stronger than intermolecular forces
H2O exhibits extremely strong and efficient hydrogen bonding between its molecules. Which of the following properties result from this behavior? Select all that apply.
High surface tension High specific heat capacity High capillarity
Since H2O is able to exhibit different types of intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding, this substance has a _____ heat capacity and a _____ heat of vaporization compared to other liquids.
High; High
The surface tension of a liquid, the energy required to increase the surface area by a given amount, is dependent on ______ and ______. Select all that apply.
Intermolecular forces Temperature
Which of the following options correctly reflect the relationship between dispersion forces and particle size? Select all that apply.
Larger particles are more polarizable and experience stronger dispersion forces. For molecules of similar shape, dispersion forces tend to increase with increasing molar mass.
At _____ temperatures the forces of attraction between particles dominate because the particles are moving slowly. At _____ temperatures the movement of the particles overcomes the attractions. Multiple choice question.
Lower;Higher
Which option correctly reflects the relationship between molecular shape and the strength of dispersion forces?
Molecules with a large surface area have more points of contact and therefore experience stronger dispersion forces.
Molecules with a larger surface area have _____ points of contact between them than molecules with less surface area. This leads to _____ dispersion forces overall. Multiple choice question.
More; Stronger
A physical state of matter that is chemically and physically uniform is called a(n) _____. Multiple choice question.
Phase
Viscosity
Resistance of fluid to flow
Water has a very high specific heat capacity compared to other common liquids. This property is due to ______ water.
Strong hydrogen bonding in
Which of the following statements correctly describe the surface tension of a liquid? Select all that apply. (Assume the liquid is a molecular substance.)
Surface tension is the result of a net downward and inward force on the surface particles of a liquid. A polar liquid will have a higher surface tension than a nonpolar liquid. Surface tension is the amount of energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit area
As the boiling point graph shows, H2O, NH3, and HF deviate from the boiling point trend shown for the hydrides of the carbon group. Select the statement that correctly explains this deviation. Multiple choice question.
The H bonding between molecules of H2O, NH3, and HF is much stronger than the intermolecular forces between CH4 molecules.
Which of the following options correctly describe the phases of matter in terms of kinetic molecular theory? Select all that apply.
The particles of a liquid have enough kinetic energy to move randomly past each other, allowing the liquid to flow. A liquid occupies a fixed volume because the particles are held together by appreciable attractive forces. In the solid phase, forces of attraction dominate over the movement of particles.
Select the correct description of capillary action.
The rising of a liquid through a narrow space against gravity
Which of the following options correctly defines polarizability? Multiple choice question.
This is a measure of how the electron cloud around an atom responds to its electronic environment.
Answer Mode Multiple Select QuestionYour Answer correct Water is often called the "universal solvent" because of its ability to dissolve so many substances. Select the means by which water behaves as a solvent. Select all that apply.
Water dissolves nonpolar gases somewhat through dipole-induced dipole interactions. Water dissolves ionic compounds through such strong ion-dipole forces that ions separate from their lattices and stay in solution. Water dissolves polar substances through hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole attractions.
ion-dipole forces
_ involve the attraction between an charged particle and a nearby polar molecule. The most common example of such an intermolecular force of attraction is the dissolution of an ionic compound by water.