chapter 12

which of the following would contain the fewest base pairs, if starting with the same size eukaryotic gene

a post-modification mRNA transcript

what are the similarities between RNA and DNA

both are nucleic acids,both contain 4 types of nucleotide bases,both are polymers of nucleotides

which of the following are similarities between dna polymerase and rna polymerase

both are types of protiens both add nucleotides to the 3' end of the new strand

what is the function of the promoter?

defines the start of transcription,defines the direction of transcription, guides rna polymerase to the strand to be transcribed

what is the function of the promoter

defines the start of transscription,defines the direction of transscription,guides rna polymerase to the strand to be transscribed

which of the following are important traits of the genetic code

degenerate,unambiguous,cotains start,stop signals

list the steps of translation in the correct order placing the first at the top of the list

initiation elongation termination

one of the functions of__________ is that they allow a cell to pick and choose which exons will go into a particular mrna

introns

select the choices that characterize dna replication in eukaryotes

involves linear chromosomes,has numerous origins of replication,creates replication bubbles

which of the following are true of transcription but not translation

involves rna polymerase occurs in eukaryotic nuclei

a certain portion of a protien has the amino acid sequence Lys-Gly-Leu. what was the original source of this partiular sequence?

it was directed by the basses on the template dna

single-stranded binding portien

keeps single stranded dna apart

the type of nucleic acid bearing codons for the amino acid sequence is called

mrna

which of the following play a part in translational elongation

mrna,trna,elongation factors

rRna strands are transcribed from a template strand of dna found in the________

nucleolus

a(n)______________________ is a monomer of dna or rna consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

nucleotide

the building blocks of DNA are?

nucleotides

the genetic material for life must be______ so it can be accuratly replicated over and over again

a stable molecule

for genes that code for protiens, the mRNA sequence determines the sequence of_____________ in a protien

amino acids

dna ligase

attaches dna fragments

select the choices indicating similarities between RNA and DNA

both contain 4 types of nucleotide basses,both are nucleic acids, both are polymers of nucleotides

an anticodon is the compliment of the_____________

codon

which of the following is/are true of both transcription and translation

occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes involve nucleic acids rna is involved several, indentical products can be produced from on strand

which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic mrna transcript modifications?

occur with spliceosomes, may occur through self-splicing, occur with ribozymes

ribosomes participating in production of protiens destined for secreation from the cell are located

on the ER

select the chioces indicating differences between RNA and DNA

only rna contains the base "uracil" dna is double-stranded, but rna is single stranded only rna contains the sugar "ribose"

strings of ribosomes simultanously translating a mrna strand are called______________

polyribosome

taking pre-mrna and changing it to a final mrna transcript requires multiple steps of rna___________ the removal of introns

processing

which of the following are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna replication?

prokaryotes have only one origin of replication the prokaryotic genome is replicated much faster than the eukaryotic genome

to iniciate transcription, rna polymerase binds to the____________ region of the gene

promoter

in the 1940s, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either__________________or_________________

protein,dna

________________ is the study of the set of protiens that an organism produces

proteomics

during the 1940s, scientists considered what two molecules most likely to be genetic material

protien, dna

adenine and guanine are nitrogen-containing bases called______________

purines

thymine and cytosine are nitrogen-containing basses called_______________

pyrimidines

which of the following are types of RNA

ribosomal rna transfer rna messanger rna

translation

rna is used to produce protien

a triplet code for amino acids is made up of

rna nucleotides

a triplet code for amino acids is made up of________

rna nucleotides

what is the name of the enzyme complex responsible for synthesizing a new rna molecule through nucleotide binding

rna polymerase

pre-mRNA

rna that has not been processed yet

introns

rna that will be removed before translation

exons

rna that will be used for translation

who contributed to the determination of the shape of the dna molecule through x-ray crystallography?

rosalind franklin

why must the genetic material be a stable molecule

so replication can be accurate so genetic material can pass from generation to generation

the codon near which the smal ribosomal subunit attaches to the mrna molecule to be translated, which codes for methionine (aug) is called the____________ codon

start

dna polymerase

synthesizes dna, removes rna and proofreads dna

dna primase

synthesizes short rna strands

the parental strand of dna serving as the guide for a complementary dna daughter strand is called the______ strand

template

during the phase of translation called_____________ a completed polypeptide is release

termination

a codon is composed of_______________ nucleotides, also called a triplet

three

the two pyrimidine bases are:

thymine and cytosine

a modified and finished form of a messenger RNA molecule is called an mRNA

transcript

the process of synthesizing an rna strand from a dna template strand is called______________

transcription

which of the following would contain the most nucleotide bases, if all from the same eukaryotic gene?

introns + extrons

select the characteristics of translation

involves a mRNA molecule results in a protien product

the nucleic acid molecule is joined with protiens, and is produced in the nucleolus of a nucleus, where a portion of dna serves as a template fro this formation

rRNA

which organelle would you most likely find ribosomes attached to?

rough er

dna replication can be described as________________, because the resulting daughter dna consists of one parent strand and one daughter strand

semiconserivate

dna helicase

separates double-stranded dna into single strands

select the characteristics that are to be expected of genetic material (dna)

stable,able to store information

the_______________codon binds to a release factor to end translation

stop

steps in dna replication in the correct sequence beginning with the first step at the top

1 unwinding the dna double helix, 2 complementary base pairing 3joining nucleotidess to the growing dna strand

list the sequential steps of dna replication in prokaryotes

1. the double helix is separated and unwound 2.dna polymerases begins the copying process 3.dna polymerases meet at the termination region

rank the following termination events in sequential order

1.release factor binds to stop codon 2.protien product is released 3.ribosomal subunits dissociate

place these steps in dna replication in the correct sequence beginning with the first step at the top

1.unwinding the dna double helix 2.complentary base pairing 3.joining nucleotides to the growing dna strand

which of the following contain proper complementary dna base pairs?

A-C A-T

if codons were composed of only 2 nucleotides each, for how many amino acids (out of the 20) would there not be a code?

4

there are____________ different types of dna nucleotides

4

RNA polymerase has all the following in common with dna polymerase

a growing strand runs in a 5' to 3' direction nucleotides are joined together nucleotides are added to the 3' end

who first demonstrated that dna was the genetic material

avery,macleod, and mccarty

what is the best explanation as to why the number of adenines in an organisms dna is equal to its number of thymines

because adenine pairs with thymine in dna

which of the following were direct contributions of the work of james watson and francis crick

discovered the double helix shape of deoxyribonuclic acid, determined that sugars and phosphates formed backbones in the dna,determined that nucleotides were paired inside the double helix

james watson and francis crick contributed greatly to our knowledge of the structure of the molecule known as

dna

james watson and francis crick contributed greatly to our knowledge of the structure of the molecule known as________________

dna

transcription

dna is used as a template to produce RNA

replication

dna is used as a template to produce duplicate molecules of DNA

the synthesis of new dna double helix molecules from a pre-existing parent molecule is called_________

dna replication

rosalind franklin was instrumental in the discovery that the three-dimensional shape of a dna molecule was a(n)____________________ ____________________

double helix

when two molecular strands wind around each other in a double spiral, what is the structure that forms called

double helix

the__________phase of translation allows additional amino acids to be added to the growing polypeptide

elongation

which of the following are the trna binding sites on ribosomes?

exit,peptide,amino acid

alternative mrna splicing states that a segment could be a coding___________ in one transcript for one protien, but an noncoding___________ in another

exon,intron

the coding portions of a gene that are joined during mrna processing are called

exons

gene____________ refers to the production and usage of a gene product

expression

which bacteriologist jump-started the search for dna in the 1920s

fredrick griffith

scientists were searching for the source of biological information about inheritance and development. when theyy found it, they called it the:

genetic code

in the term trna, the t stands for__________

transfer

polyribosomes are strings of ribosomes simultaniusly_____________ strand

translaating an mRNA

initiation is the stage of_____________ that occurs prior to elongation

translation

the process of______________ occurs on ribosomes, either free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

translation

the process of_______________ uses mRNA,Trna, and ribosomes to synthesize protiens

translation

the genetic code is said to be a__________ code, because a set of three nucleotide basses codes for a particular amino acid

triplet

for the most part, every living organism on earth uses the same genetic code. therefore, the genetic code is considered______________

universal

if a certain section of a template strand of dna had the sequence AATGCCCG, the mRNA transcripts sequence would be___________

uuacgggc

it is necessary for genetic material to be able to undergo mutations in order to provide genetic______ for evolution to occur

variation

an mRNA transcript

was made from a dna template, was produced by rna polymerase,can be used for translation