chapter 12 history test (lessons 1,2,4)

in 1187 Jerusalem fell to ____'s muslim forces, prompting the ____ led at its end by ____, who negotiated a settlement that gave christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem

Saladin, third crusade, Richard i

in what ways was the medieval church involved in political as well as spiritual struggles?

they had the most power and they were almost richer than the king. they taught people that they talked to god and they brainwashed them. they were almost as much into the politic as the king was.

the abbess ____ was an important contributor to a type of music known as ____ chant

thldegard of Bingen, Gregorian

Pope _____ framed the Crusades as a quest to free Jerusalem and the _____ from _____, or unbelievers.

urban ii, holy land, infidels

Christians also made _____ to shrines, the greatest of which, they believed, was the Holy City of _____.

pilgrimage, Jerusalem

the crusades benefited some Italian ____ cities and helped cause the end of ____ and the emergence of nation-states

port, feudalism

in Europe, pilgrims often traveled to Rome or Santiago de Compostela, which housed the ____ of several of the ____

relics, apostles

in the late 1000s and early 1100s, a wave of ____ enthusiasm led to a rise in monasteries and monastic ____

religious, orders

medieval christians dedicated churches to ____ and venerated ____, objects connected with saints

saints/Mary, relics

in return for fighting in the crusade, the pope promised forgiveness of ____

sins

in the first crusade, European christians captured ____ in 1098. in June 1099, they reached ____ and killed many of its inhabitants

Antioch, Jerusalem

medieval popes controlled the ____ in Italy, and bishops were often ____ to nobles

Catholic Church, worldly figures

in the fourth crusade, western forces sacked ____ and destroyed the power of the ____ empire

Constantinople, byzantine

____ monks preached simplicity, took vows of poverty, and aided the poor, while ____ also lived in poverty and battled ____

Franciscans, Dominicans, heresy

the crusades were fought by knights who were motivated by the promise of ____ and ____ zeal

adventurous, religious

the last two crusades ended in France's defeat by ____ king Louis ix later died of the ____

bar bars, plague

the monastic leader ____ inspired leaders such as ____ of France to enter into a failed second crusade

bernard, king Louis vii

at the end of the "____", two ships sank in a storm. the children on the other five ships were sold into ____ in North Africa

children crusade, slavery

the ____ order of monks was one of the first to take their religion to people outside the monastery

cistercian

in the Middle Ages, the church played a large role in everyday life; the ____ guided people from birth to death, and included baptism, the eucharist, and marriage

clergy

the church's ____ sometimes used ____ to extract confessions of heresy and used executions to punish it

holy office, torture

in the 1200s, pope ____ used tools such as the ____ to bring the church to the height of its political power

innocent iii, spiritual

the ____ controversy, which was initiated by a a decree from pope Gregory vii in 1075, ended in an 1122 compromise called the ____

lay investiture, concordat of worms