Chapter 13; Hoffman & Sullivan (Cancer Care) - Davis Edge Questions

The nurse is caring for a patient who is newly diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. The patient says, "I don't want to die." How should the nurse respond? "I am sure you are very afraid. Tell me what you are most scared of." "Everyone is going to die sometime." "Cancer is very treatable. I am sure you'll be fine." "If you follow the treatment plan, you'll have the best chance of living."

"I am sure you are very afraid. Tell me what you are most scared of."

Which statement by the patient indicates teaching about chemotherapy was effective? A. "I know everyone loses their hair with chemo." B. "I know it is important that I monitor my temperature." C. "I know I should eat whatever I want so I don't lose weight while on chemo." D. "I understand I skip a chemo treatment if I don't feel well."

"I know it is important that I monitor my temperature."

A nurse is educating patients about cancer prevention. Which cancer prevention measure stated by one of the patients indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. "I should include 150 minutes of vigorous activity per week." "I should ensure that as a woman I do not consume more than two drinks per day." "I should avoid exposure to known carcinogens such as tobacco." "I should try to maintain a healthy weight." "I should eat a starch-based diet to stay healthy."

"I should include 150 minutes of vigorous activity per week." "I should ensure that as a woman I do not consume more than two drinks per day." "I should eat a starch-based diet to stay healthy."

The nurse will be concerned about cancer if an otherwise healthy 47-year-old female patient makes which statement during an assessment? A. "Lately, my stool has changed shape. It is thin and ribbon-like." B. "I am having difficulty sleeping and am losing weight." C. "I have a fever and am coughing up thick sputum." D. "I have been experiencing nausea and vomiting in the morning."

"Lately, my stool has changed shape. It is thin and ribbon-like."

While preparing a patient suspected of having esophageal cancer for a biopsy, the patient asks the nurse, "What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?" Which statement made by the nurse is correct? "Benign tumors undergo metastasis." "Malignant tumors are regulated by contact inhibition." "Benign tumors do not have anchorage dependence." "Malignant tumors directly invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues."

"Malignant tumors directly invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues."

The nurse is caring for a patient with stage II cancer who asks, "What does stage II cancer mean?" How should the nurse reply? "Stage II cancer includes large or locally invasive tumors." "Stage II cancer includes cancers that have metastasized." "Stage II cancer is more localized and contained." "Stage II cancer involves invasion of deeper tissues or local lymph nodes."

"Stage II cancer involves invasion of deeper tissues or local lymph nodes."

A teen asks the nurse, "Is a shot for cancer?" How should the nurse reply? "Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes bladder cancer." "Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes esophageal cancer." "Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes gastric cancer." Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes cervical cancer."

"Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes cervical cancer."

What characterizes cells of a malignant tumor? A. Controlled cell death B. Well-differentiated structures and functions C. Ability to proliferate rapidly D. Contact inhibition

Ability to proliferate rapidly

_________ is defined as a treatment that is used in a patient who is currently disease-free or in remission but at high risk for relapse bc of remaining microscopic malignant cells that will regrow at a later time.

Adjuvant therapy

A nurse caring for a patient who is undergoing cancer therapy tells him or her, "Remember to cover your head while outside to safeguard against sun damage." Which adverse effect of the therapy is the patient possibly suffering from for which the nurse is cautioning him/her? Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Thrombosis Alopecia

Alopecia

The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer-associated tumor lysis syndrome. Which nursing assessment is most beneficial for the patient? Assess the patient for increased urine output. Assess the patient for hyperkalemia. Assess the patient for hypertension. Assess the patient for stridor and hypoxemia.

Assess the patient for hyperkalemia. Rationale: lysing cells that cannot be cleared accumulate and cause electrolyte imbalance, resulting in hyperkalemia

A patient with lung cancer is diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. Which action is most appropriate for this patient? Assessing for signs of fluid overload Assessing for unsteady gait Assessing for signs of renal dysfunction Assessing for signs of respiratory distress

Assessing for signs of respiratory distress Rationale: Dyspnea is the most common clinical system of the superior vena cava syndrome. Therefore, the nurse should assess for signs of respiratory distress

What is the most specific method of diagnosing a malignancy? A. Serum laboratory tests B. MRI C. CT scan D. Biopsy

Biopsy

A patient has hematuria, abdominal discomfort, and a distended abdomen. Which condition does the patient most likely have, according to these symptoms? Brain tumor Bladder cancer Cervical cancer Esophageal cancer

Bladder cancer

The nurse understands an important laboratory assessment parameter for a patient with cancer that has metastasized to bone is which of the following? A. White blood cell count B. Calcium level C. Glucose level D. Sodium/potassium level

Calcium level

What is the difference between cells of a benign tumor and cells of a malignant tumor? A. Cells of benign tumors are typically aplastic. B. Cells of malignant tumors are apoptotic. C. Cells of malignant tumors lack contact inhibition. D. Cells of benign tumors are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.

Cells of malignant tumors lack contact inhibition.

Which are warning signs of cancer? Select all that apply. Oral mucositis Alopecia Change in bowel habits Nagging cough or hoarseness Obvious change in a wart or mole

Change in bowel habits Nagging cough or hoarseness Obvious change in a wart or mole

A patient presents to his provider with a nagging, hoarse cough with complaints of hemoptysis. The provider will probably initially order which of the following tests to assess for cancer? A. A PET scan B. MRI C. Chest x-ray D. Biopsy

Chest x-ray

A patient with breast cancer who is undergoing radiation therapy is diagnosed with skin radiodermatitis. Which action will be most beneficial for this patient? Cleaning the area with mild pH-neutral soaps Drying the area under direct sunlight after cleansing Applying lotions, powders, or ointments to the infected area

Cleaning the area with mild pH-neutral soaps

The nurse is caring for a patient with spinal cord compression. Which symptoms demonstrate late stages? Back pain Weakness, numbness, and tingling Inability to distinguish between hot and cold Constipation or incontinence

Constipation or incontinence

The nurse monitors fluid overload in a patient with cancer-associated syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which condition is the nurse aiming to prevent in this intervention? Dyspnea Heart block Leukostasis Hypertension

Hypertension Rationale: Fluid overload can result in HTN and subsequent heart failure. Therefore, the nurse monitors fluid overload in a pt with cancer-associated SIADH.

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient who will be receiving radiation for cancer treatment. Which nursing interventions will be most beneficial for the patient? Select all that apply. Instruct the patient not to void before abdominal radiation. Suggest that the patient wash exposed skin and apply scented moisturizers. Instruct the patient to practice relaxation techniques. Instruct the patient to avoid washing off treatment ink tattoos. Encourage the patient to change position according to his or her comfort during treatment.

Instruct the patient to practice relaxation techniques. Instruct the patient to avoid washing off treatment ink tattoos.

What is true regarding bowel obstruction in a patient with colon cancer? It can happen due to masses in bowel lumen. It can happen due to internal compression. It can happen due to excess antidiuretic hormone. It can happen due to excessive immature white blood cells.

It can happen due to masses in bowel lumen.

A patient with advanced pancreatic cancer asks the nurse about common metastatic sites. What locations should the nurse include? Select all that apply. Liver Lungs Rectum Omentum Peritoneum

Liver Lungs Peritoneum

A patient is told they have metastatic cancer and does not understand what that means. Which statements are true pertaining to this? Select all that apply. Metastasis is the propensity for tumors to spread. Metastasis is the defining characteristic of stage IV cancer. Metastasis leads to stage I cancer. Metastasis leads to the growth of primary tumors. Metastasis can either take place by cell-to-cell transfer or through blood.

Metastasis is the propensity for tumors to spread. Metastasis is the defining characteristic of stage IV cancer. Metastasis can either take place by cell-to-cell transfer or through blood.

A nurse is caring for a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia who has been admitted to the oncology department due to leukostasis. What are the most important nursing interventions for this patient? Select all that apply. Monitor white blood cell count. Assess for signs of occluded microcirculation. Monitor calcium, phosphorous, and renal function. Assess for edema of the face and eyes. Assess for signs of bleeding.

Monitor white blood cell count. Assess for signs of occluded microcirculation. Assess for signs of bleeding.

The nurse understands that the patient receiving chemotherapy prior to definitive surgical excision is receiving which type of treatment? A. Secondary treatment B. Adjuvant therapy C. Neoadjuvant therapy D. Primary treatment

Neoadjuvant therapy

A nurse is teaching about carcinogens. Which example indicates a need for further teaching? Human papilloma virus Tobacco Sun exposure Nonionizing radiation

Nonionizing radiation

Cancer is the ___ most common cause of death in the United States. A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth

Second

A patient with breast cancer is undergoing radiation therapy. During the follow-up visit, the patient reports anorexia to the nurse. What laboratory result should the nurse evaluate? Red blood cell count Serum albumin level Liver enzymes Pancreatic enzymes

Serum albumin level Rationale: low protein and albumin levels are a result of inadequate nutrition

Which stage of cancer can a nurse expect in a patient suffering from prostate cancer after further tests reveal a secondary tumor in the rectum? Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Stage IV Prostate cancer has the tendency to metastasize to the rectum, pelvic floor, lower spine, or hip.

A patient with lung cancer is prescribed a chemotherapeutic agent that is known to cause alopecia. Which nursing action can be beneficial to help promote the self-esteem of this patient? Suggesting the patient use a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins. Encouraging the patient to limit social contacts until hair regrowth occurs. Instructing the patient to wash his or her hair gently and comb gently to minimize hair loss. Informing the patient that hair loss will not be permanent and that the hair will grow back.

Suggesting the patient use a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins.

Cancer may metastasize through which systems? (Select all that apply.) A. The nervous system B. The lymphatic system C. The venous system D. The occipital system E. The urinary system

The lymphatic system The venous system

What is a primary prevention strategy to reduce the cancer risk profile for a 21-year-old female? A. Mammography B. Vaccination C. Genetic screening D. Calcium supplementation

Vaccination