Chapter 13 Psychology

245. In the context of family therapy, getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the problem of one individual is known as A. reframing. B. detriangulation. C. validation. D. structural change

C

289. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to A. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, misery-inducing beliefs. B. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client. C. help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems. D. train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior through modeling of appropriate behaviors.

C

294. The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is A. to help clients identify their own genuine feelings. B. to help people eliminate illogical thinking. C. to set off a seizure in the brain. D. to reduce norepinephrine and serotonin levels.

C

297. Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior? A. a self-help group B. encounter groups C. electroconvulsive therapy D. minor tranquilizers

C

241. A major advantage to group therapy is that A. clients can get more undivided attention from the therapist. B. it is better suited to clients with severe problems. C. the therapist has less work to do because the clients do most of the work. D. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.

D

243. Elizabeth, a family therapist, tells Roy's family that his problem of cocaine addiction is related to the dynamics that exists within their family. According to this information, it can be inferred that Elizabeth practices the ________ technique. A. scaling B. client-centered C. structural change D. reframing

D

249. Given that collectivist cultures place more importance on the group than on the individual, some psychologists have suggested that ________ is likely to be more effective with people from Asian and Latino cultures. A. cognitive therapy B. psychoanalysis C. humanistic therapy D. family therapy

D

256. Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE? A. Medical doctors can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders. B. Drug therapy is the most common form of biological therapy. C. Biological therapies are treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning. D. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states

D

257. James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the A. resistant content of the dream. B. hidden content of the dream. C. latent content of the dream. D. manifest content of the dream

D

265. "I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of ________ and is typical of ________. A. reflective speech/psychodynamic therapy B. free association/client-centered therapy C. transference/psychodynamic therapy D. reflective speech/client-centered therapy

D

270. Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. depression. C. schizophrenia and panic disorder. D. smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol.

D

271. As part of a smoking-cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in A. systematic desensitization. B. client-centered therapy. C. rational emotive therapy. D. aversive conditioning

D

280. Research shows that ________ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome. A. the therapist's credentials B. the cost of the therapist C. the client's age D. the quality of the client's participation

D

282. Dr. Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients. Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder. Dr. Guerrero is practicing A. biological therapy. B. humanistic therapy. C. psychoanalysis. D. integrative therapy

D

285. Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil, a tricyclic drug. According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug? A. nervousness B. increased appetite C. suicidal thoughts D. memory difficulties

D

286. Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs? A. benzodiazepines B. tricyclics C. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors D. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

D

287. ________ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. A. Prozac B. Zoloft C. Paxil D. Effexor

D

244. Which of the following is a technique that is used in family therapy? A. structural change B. reattribution C. scaling D. guided Association

A

253. According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems? A. bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness B. reinforcing the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts C. having the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist D. helping the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively

A

254. According to Freud's therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely A. causes them to lose focus. B. exhausts them. C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge. D. masks their unconscious conflicts.

A

281. Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems? A. They occur as a result of irrational thoughts and beliefs. B. They occur as a result of transference between the therapist and the client. C. They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level. D. They occur as a result of learned inappropriate behaviors

C

255. Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis? A. In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish. B. Dreams represent unconscious conflicts which should be excluded while practicing psychodynamic therapy. C. In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to mind. D. Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires.

A

260. In the context of psychoanalysis, when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had, the therapist is engaging in the method of A. dream analysis. B. free association C. transference. D. validation

A

262. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize A. change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts. B. the past rather than the present. C. self-fulfillment rather than illness. D. unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts.

A

266. ________ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health. A. Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies B. Psychodynamic and behavior therapies C. Behavior and humanistic therapies D. Cognitive and sociocultural therapies

A

268. Jane is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique, Jane will be asked to A. learn how to relax. B. stand alone in a room. C. identify self-defeating thoughts. D. expose her fear during group therapy

A

269. Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization? A. deep relaxation B. dream analysis C. hypnosis D. cognitive restructuring

A

273. Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are A. more likely to drop out of therapy. B. likely to feel more respected and supported by the therapist. C. likely to feel more hopeful about overcoming their disorder. D. less likely to experience negative outcomes as a result of therapy.

A

274. If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using A. aversive conditioning. B. systematic desensitization. C. an unethical procedure. D. social-skills training

A

275. ________ therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems, and they attempt to influence and change the feelings and behaviors by changing the thoughts. A. Cognitive B. Psychoanalytic C. Gestalt D. Humanistic

A

276. A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that ________ are the causes of abnormal behavior. A. maladaptive thoughts B. childhood experiences C. chemical imbalances D. parental relationship

A

278. Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves A. helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation. B. helping the client distribute responsibility for events appropriately. C. systematically examining the evidence for the client's beliefs or assertions. D. providing the client with ways of stopping a cascade of negative thoughts

A

279. A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by A. trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts. B. using systematic desensitization to replace depression with relaxation. C. analyzing unconscious conflicts from the patient's past. 42 D. involving the patient in satisfying social activities

A

283. Tranquilizers are ________ drugs. A. antianxiety B. MAO inhibitor C. antidepressant D. antipsychotic

A

284. ________ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin. A. Tricyclics B. Benzodiazepines C. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

290. By influencing norepinephrine and serotonin, lithium is thought to A. stabilize moods. B. cause drowsiness. C. improve memory. D. cure insomnia.

A

291. Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. As a consequence, he is most likely to experience the side effect of A. involuntary muscle movement. B. loss of weight. C. excessive sleep. D. fatigue

A

298. Who among the following is most suitable for electroconvulsive therapy? A. Brad, who is contemplating suicide B. Frederic, who has generalized anxiety disorder C. Alan, who has obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Byron, who suffers from insomnia

A

242. Among the techniques used in family therapy, validation involves A. the therapist helping families reframe problems as family problems. B. the therapist finding something positive to say to each family member. C. the therapist trying to restructure the coalitions in a family. D. the therapist helping families reframe problems as an individual's problems.

B

246. Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals? A. humanistic therapy B. self-help support groups C. family therapy D. couples therapy

B

259. Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for the therapist is called A. latent content. B. transference. C. reflection. D. resistance

B

264. Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech? A. Horace, who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health B. Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss C. Gayle, who congratulates his colleague, Neil, for performing well in the project D. Mary, who comforts Joel since he is extremely anxious about his results

B

272. Which of the following individuals would benefit from systematic desensitization? A. a person who is addicted to alcohol B. a person who has a phobia of closed spaces C. a person who is suffering from schizophrenia D. a person who is suffering from severe depression

B

277. Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief—that the criticism means she is stupid—is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing ________ therapy. A. humanistic B. Beck's cognitive C. behavioral D. psychoanalytic

B

288. Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from A. amnesia. B. depression. C. psychosis. D. dyslexia

B

292. The potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is ________, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs. A. schizophrenia B. tardive dyskinesia C. transference D. insomnia

B

295. Which of the following class of drugs is used to treat agoraphobia? A. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors B. tricyclic drugs C. tetracyclic drugs D. neuroleptics

B

296. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for A. schizophrenia. B. severe depression. C. dissociative identity disorder. D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

B

299. Which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment? A. electroconvulsive therapy B. psychosurgery C. psychoanalysis D. psychotherapy

B

300. Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is FALSE? A. A prefrontal lobotomy is a type of psychosurgery that involves severing fibers that connect the frontal lobe and the thalamus. B. The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy. C. Present-day psychosurgery involves making just a small lesion in the amygdala or another part of the limbic system. D. Psychosurgery is a biological therapy that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment.

B

247. Which of the following is true of self-help support groups? A. Self-help support groups specialize in family therapy. B. Self-help support groups are beneficial only to high-income groups as they are relatively expensive. C. Self-help support groups provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release. D. Self-help support groups are conducted by a professional therapist.

C

248. John, an alcoholic, does not have much money, but requires the help of a mental-health professional. He might best be served by contacting a A. humanistic therapist. B. board-certified psychiatrist. C. self-help support group. D. counseling psychologist

C

250. Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include A. systematic desensitization and token economies. B. teaching clients to replace their fears systematically with more relaxed responses. C. free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories. D. prescribing strong medication that will reduce the client's anxiety so that the client can learn to relax and gain insight.

C

251. Researchers have found that when there is an ethnic match between the therapist and the client and when ethnic-specific services are provided, A. clients are more likely to drop out of therapy early. B. treatment outcomes are the same as when there is no ethnic match. C. clients have better treatment outcomes. D. both the client and therapist typically show evidence of bias or prejudice against other groups.

C

252. When working with a psychotherapy client who is from a different culture, Dr. Johnson uses his knowledge of the person's culture and ethnicity in working with the client, but is careful not to overgeneralize and blindly apply his stereotypes. Moreover, he also understands the sociopolitical influences on the client. Which of the following labels best describes Dr. Johnson? A. Dr. Johnson appears to be an eclectic therapist. B. Dr. Johnson appears to be culturally insensitive. C. Dr. Johnson appears to be culturally skilled. D. Dr. Johnson appears to be ethnically diverse

C

258. In psychoanalytic theory, the term transference is used to describe A. the repression of painful memories from conscious awareness. B. efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions. C. the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. D. the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals

C

261. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy A. shows that humanistic therapy is more effective than behavioral therapy. B. shows that psychoanalysis is more effective than cognitive therapy. C. clearly shows that psychotherapy works. D. is mixed, in that psychotherapy works well for women but not for men.

C

263. Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the ________ perspective of psychotherapy. A. behavioral B. biological C. humanistic D. cognitive

C

267. The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and A. other professional therapists who practice in the same state. B. the American Psychiatric Association. C. the client. D. the local government.

C

293. Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques? A. Resistance is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. B. Transference is the psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems. C. Freud believed that transference was an avoidable aspect of the analyst-patient relationship. 44 D. Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.

D