chapter 13 urban
Choose the proper hierarchy of cities on the West Coast of the United States. a. Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, San Jose, Sacramento, Santa Barbara. b. Los Angeles, Seattle, San Francisco, Sacramento, San Diego, Santa Barbara. c. Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, Sacramento, Santa Barbara. d. Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, Seattle, Sacramento, Santa Barbara. e. Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Sacramento.
a
Choose the proper hierarchy of city types in the United States. a. World city, specialized producer service center, command and control center, dependent center. b. Command and control center, specialized producer service center, dependent center, world city. c. World city, command and control center, specialized producer service center, dependent center. d. World city, dependent center, specialized producer service center, command and control center. e. Specialized producer service center, world city, command and control center, dependent center.
a
During the Industrial Revolution, what factor contributed the most to rapid urbanization? a. The city was an economic pull. b. The city was a political pull. c. The city was an environmental pull. d. The city was a cultural pull. e. All of the above.
a
How has the composition of the world's top ten most populated cities changed since 1950? Select one: a. Least Developed Countries (LDCs) cities make up a larger percentage of the top ten. b. The percentage of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) cities has declined since 1950. c. More Developed Countries (MDCs) cities in the top ten have grown substantially in size since 1950. d. Since 1950 more More Developed Countries (MDCs) cities have moved into the top ten. e. None of the above.
a
In the United States overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) eventually lead to conurbanaization or Select one: a. a megalopolis. b. a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. c. many Micropolitan Statistical Areas. d. cooperative regional council of governments. e. none of the above.
a
Inner city challenges fall into three basic categories, which are Select one: a. economic, social, and physical. b. economic, social, and environmental. c. economic, physical, and environmental. d. social, environmental, hierarchical. e. environmental, physical, and racial.
a
Inside the wall of Medieval European cities street patterns are best described as Select one: a. chaotic with few streets meeting at right angles. b. on an extensive grid system. c. carefully planned with diagonal boulevards. d. circular in nature. e. none of the above.
a
Large cities are economic hubs with radiating connections for commerce according to Select one: a. Central Place Theory. b. Rostow's Model of Development. c. the Burgess Model. d. the Peripheral Model. e. von Thunen's Model.
a
Rank the following services from low to high order. Select one: a. Soft drink, bakery, shoe store, auto dealership. b. Bakery, shoe store, soft drink, auto dealership. c. Shoe store, soft drink, bakery, auto dealership. d. Auto dealership, shoe store, bakery, soft drink. e. Auto dealership, soft drink, shoe store, bakery.
a
The United States Census Bureau establishes Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) a. to determine the geographical extent of influence for an urban area. b. to legally define the boundaries of an urban area. c. to help marketing firms gather demographic data. d. to help establish urban growth boundaries. e. all of the above.
a
The basic tenants of new urbanism include all of the following except Select one: a. wide streets with cul-de-sacs. b. mixed use of residential and commercial venues. c. creating a center for shopping and social events. d. mixed housing types and densities. e. the return of front porches and alleyways.
a
The major advantage of the peripheral model over other urban models is the fact that it Select one: a. highlights the problems of sprawl and segregation. b. explains why inner city neighborhoods decline. c. explains why low-income housing is adjacent to industrial sectors. d. explains the importance of multiple centers of activity in an urban area. e. explains why the high income district extends from the CBD to the periphery.
a
The maximum distance a person is willing to travel to frequent a service is called the Select one: a. range. b. economic distance. c. threshold. d. spatial shopping behavior. e. geographic marketing area.
a
The most practical definition for an urban area is a. the central city and its surrounding suburbs. b. the economic influence of the central city. c. the central city and the continuously developed areas. d. the central city and the land area inside the adjacent counties. e. the central city and its neighboring municipalities.
a
Three categories sociologist Louis Wirth used to differentiate between urban and rural areas include a. high density, social heterogeneity, and large size. b. high density, crime rate, and large size. c. large size, social heterogeneity, and crime rate. d. social networks, large size, and high density. e. diversity, large size, and poverty rate.
a
Urban growth boundaries are most commonly associated with the movement known as Select one: a. smart growth. b. new urbanism. c. transit oriented development. d. urban renewal. e. low density development.
a
What geographic advantages do mass transit systems such as subways and light rail have over automobiles? Select one: a. They use less land area in congested urban areas. b. They provide transportation for those who do not drive. c. They reduce air pollution in urban areas. d. They concentrate development along fixed routes and stops. e. All of the above.
a
What type of land use dominates on the periphery of the Latin American Model? Select one: a. Squatter settlements. b. Industrial activity. c. Elite residential. d. Commercial. e. Middle class residential.
a
When inner city neighborhood property values decline, owners of large older homes often subdivide the home into multiple units. This process is known as Select one: a. filtering. b. gentrification. c. redlining. d. blockbusting. e. urban renewal.
a
A primate city is Select one: a. the most important city in a country. b. when the largest city in a country is twice the size of the next largest city. c. when the largest city in an LDC has a primitive infrastructure. d. the largest city in a region of a country. e. when the largest city is located on the periphery.
b
All of the following are typical site and/or situational characteristics for the establishment of a settlement except a. the high point overlooking a river or plain. b. the middle of a plain. c. at the confluence of two rivers. d. the mouth of a river. e. on the shores of a natural harbor.
b
Bayside in Miami, Faneuil Hall in Boston, Riverwalk in San Antonio, and Pike Street Market in Seattle, all serve as Select one: a. urban parks. b. festival market places. c. service orientated centers. d. lifestyle shopping malls. e. urban interface zones.
b
Chicago incorporated land beyond its city limits to build O'Hare International Airport in the 1960s. This is an excellent example of Select one: a. urban renewal. b. flagpole annexation. c. antecedent boundary changes. d. subsequent boundaries changes. e. regional council of government intervention.
b
Favelas are to Brazil as ________ are to Mexico. Select one: a. squatter settlements b. barrios c. bidonvilles d. barung-barong e. slums
b
How have industrially-based cities in the Northeastern United States attempted to combat the loss of jobs from the relocation of industries to suburbs and to Least Developed Countries (LDCs)? Select one: a. Invest heavily in community outreach programs. b. Develop health, research, and personal service sectors. c. Develop tourism. d. Invest in vocational training. e. Rely on immigrant labor for business growth.
b
Industries during the 1800s located close to Central Business Districts (CBDs) because a. it was closest to the expanding urban population. b. they needed to locate close to transportation lines. c. it had the highest range and threshold. d. of the availability of low-cost warehousing. e. that land was more affordable.
b
Inner city neighborhoods face all of the following challenges except Select one: a. a deteriorating housing stock. b. a lack of social and economic diversity. c. increased homelessness and crime. d. a growing underclass that is unable to function in society. e. a culture of poverty.
b
Large cities develop many nodes around which different types of people and activities cluster. This describes the Select one: a. Peripheral Model. b. Multiple Nuclei Model. c. Latin American Model. d. Sector Model. e. Concentric Zone Model.
b
Many cities in North America have designed and set aside areas where outdoor concerts, street performers, ethnic events, farmers markets, and cart vendors come together and act as a positive focal point economically and socially for urban life. This recent trend is often referred to as Select one: a. an urban park. b. a festival market place. c. a service oriented center. d. a lifestyle mall. e. an urban interface zone.
b
New urbanism is based upon land use trends from Select one: a. 1950s auto suburbs. b. street-car suburbs of the 1920s. c. 1990s gated communities. d. 1880s urban industrial era. e. 19th century tenement neighborhoods
b
Street patterns of Medieval European cities resembled a. a grid system. b. a chaotic haphazard layout. c. curving streets inside a major grid network. d. a grid system with diagonal boulevards. e. none of the above.
b
The economic expansion or contraction due to the introduction or loss of a major employer in a particular location is called the Select one: a. basic industrial sector. b. the multiplier effect. c. non-basic segment of the economy. d. the tertiary sector. e. globalization of the economy.
b
The elite residential section in the Latin American Model is located Select one: a. along the outside where there is less crime. b. on either side of the main boulevard that leads to the Central Business District (CBD). c. in a ring around the Central Business District (CBD). d. in the western suburbs. e. in gated communities on either side of the Central Business District (CBD).
b
The process of settlement formation, expansion, and change is called a. suburbanization. b. urbanization. c. post modern expansion. d. city growth. e. all of the above.
b
The three most important cities in the world are Select one: a. New York, Paris, and Shanghai. b. New York, London, and Tokyo. c. New York, London, and Beijing. d. New York, Paris, and Tokyo. e. New York, Rome, and Shanghai.
b
What did Hoyt's research uncover regarding the highest social class district in a city? Select one: a. High-class neighborhoods were susceptible to ghettoization. b. High-class residential areas don't change much over time. c. High-class residential areas went through a process of decline and deterioration. d. Gentrification improved the property values of the high-class residential sector. e. High-class residential sector migrated towards the west.
b
Which urban model best explains the spatial impact of automobiles and the construction of interstate highways on metropolitan areas in the United States? Select one: a. Concentric Zone Model. b. Peripheral Model. c. Hoyt's Sector Model. d. Multi Nuclei Model. e. Lifestyle Model.
b
he economic base of many cities in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois is Select one: a. tertiary. b. industry and manufacturing. c. financial services. d. tourism. e. wholesale trade.
b
According to the Burgess model, the housing stock is most deteriorated and a sizable percent of residents are immigrants in the Select one: a. zone of better residents. b. Central Business District (CBD). c. zone of transition. d. zone of independent workers. e. zone of urban renewal.
c
All of the following are major world megalopolises except Select one: a. Boston to Wahington D.C. b. Tokyo to Yokahama. c. New Delehi to Mumbai. d. Los Angeles to Tijuana. e. Chicago to Pittsburgh.
c
An urban settlement that has incorporated into an independent self-governing unit is a a. metropolitan area. b. micropolitan statistical area. c. city. d. metropolitan statistical area. e. consolidated metropolitan statistical area.
c
From 1400-1700 many European powers established ___________ , which served as an entrance to or exit from a conquered area. Select one: a. a colonial city b. an administrative center c. a gateway city d. an outpost e. provisional government
c
Geographically, cities expanded outwards prior to the automobile by growing Select one: a. more densely. b. uniformly in all directions. c. along transportation lines. d. only to their legal boundaries. e. in the wealthy sector from the Central Business District (CBD. to the periphery.
c
Geographically, cities in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Europe both have Select one: a. industry located near the Central Business District (CBD). b. large areas with substandard housing exist in both areas. c. the poor living along the outskirts of the city. d. job training programs for unskilled workers that are under-funded. e. all of the above.
c
Historically, urbanization reached its zenith during a. the Bronze Age. b. the Egyptian Empire. c. the Greco-Roman era. d. the Persian Empire. e. none of the above.
c
In Hoyt's Sector Model lower income neighborhoods are usually located Select one: a. in a wedge that extends from the Central Business District (CBD. to the suburbs. b. on the east side of the city. c. adjacent to the industrial and transportation corridor. d. north of the Central Business District (CBD). e. in the first ring around the Central Business District (CBD).
c
In ancient Southwest Asia cities politically acted as a. empires. b. city governments. c. states. d. unincorporated entities. e. centers of culture.
c
Since the United States has become a suburban country, what part of suburbia is now experiencing many of the challenges faced by poor urban neighborhoods? Select one: a. New boomburbs. b. Edge cities. c. Inner ring suburbs of the 1950s. d. Middle era suburbs of the 70s and 80s. e. None of the above.
c
The continent with the least number of world cities is Select one: a. Africa. b. South America. c. Australia. d. Europe. e. Asia.
c
The identification of blighted urban neighborhoods and the subsequent removal of residents and demolition of deteriorated buildings with the construction of new buildings, highways, and other large construction projects is commonly known as Select one: a. gentrification. b. urban rezoning. c. urban renewal. d. urban transitional planning. e. smart growth.
c
The land use pattern of auto-dominated cities is best characterized by Select one: a. the hub and spoke pattern. b. the grid system. c. sprawl. d. transit-oriented development. e. new urbanism.
c
The physical qualities of the original location for a city is referred to as the a. relative location. b. locational determinants. c. site characteristics. d. situational characteristics. e. none of the above.
c
The two continents that have the most linkages between their world cities are Select one: a. Asia and Australia. b. Asia and North America. c. North America and Europe. d. Europe and Asia. e. North America and South America.
c
What geometric pattern is associated with Christaller's Central Place Theory? Select one: a. Square. b. Circle. c. Hexagon. d. Octagon. e. Pentagon.
c
Young single recent college graduates who move into distressed inner city neighborhoods and refurbish their new residences would be an example of Select one: a. blockbusting. b. filtering. c. gentrification. d. white flight. e. none of the above.
c
This city was built purely as an administrative and/or commercial center by European powers. a. New Delhi. b. Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City). c. Hong Kong. d. Nairobi. e. all of the above.
e
A bank would be engaging in ___________ if they would not grant mortgages to customers in certain neighborhoods or zip-codes. Select one: a. blockbusting b. down zoning c. ghettoization d. redlining e. filtering
d
Grid street patterns are most typical for cities in Select one: a. Europe. b. South Asia. c. Latin America. d. North America. e. Southeast Asia.
d
In the last twenty years the most successful strategy to revitalize central business districts and inner city neighborhoods has been to Select one: a. create festival market places. b. build life style malls. c. construct athletic complexes. d. construct more residences downtown. e. encourage more businesses to locate in the area.
d
In which region of the United States have many cities been able to move up the urban hierarchy by increasing higher order goods and services due to explosive population growth? Select one: a. Rust Belt. b. New England. c. Pacific Northwest. d. Sun Belt. e. Upper Midwest.
d
Mixed land use with high-density housing options located near light rail and subway stops is referred to as Select one: a. down zoning. b. covenant communities. c. urban renewal. d. transit-orientated development. e. multi-modal development.
d
The following are major challenges confronting mega cities in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) except Select one: a. high crime rates. b. increasing poverty rates. c. lack of adequate sanitation facilities. d. lack of adequate housing. e. lack of recreation facilities for inner city youth.
e
Political geography can make it more difficult for metropolitan governments to solve regionally based problems because Select one: a. competing municipalities often have conflicting interests. b. political boundaries make it difficult for regional governments to exercise authority. c. each city has its own unique government. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
d
Squatter settlements in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) cities are usually located Select one: a. in the zone in transition. b. adjacent to industrial areas. c. in warehouse districts. d. on the outskirts of the urban area. e. along major highways.
d
The minimum number of people needed to support a business is called the Select one: a. range. b. peak land value intersection. c. economic base of settlements. d. threshold. e. minimum population requirement.
d
Urban models attempt to explain Select one: a. why particular patterns exist in urban areas. b. why people are not randomly distributed throughout an urban area. c. where people with particular characteristics live. d. all of the above. e. A and B only.
d
Various cities in North America have used all of the following strategies to revitalize their central business districts except Select one: a. by creating pedestrian malls downtown, such as Denver, Colorado, and Eugene, Oregon. b. by building major urban renewal projects. c. by building major sports facilities, such as Camden Yards in Baltimore and Coors Field in Denver. d. by building business parks. e. by turning vacant industrial buildings and warehouses into residential lofts.
d
The major distinction between the multi nuclei and the peripheral model is that Select one: a. the peripheral model was designed by Chauncey Harris. b. the peripheral model highlights the problems of sprawl and segregation. c. the peripheral model adds a beltway that circumnavigates the urban area. d. the peripheral model incorporates edge cites. e. all of the above.
e
The most urbanized region in the developing world is Select one: a. South Asia. b. China. c. North Africa. d. Southeast Asia. e. South America.
e
A city grows outward from a central location in a series of rings in the Select one: a. Sector Model. b. Multiple Nuclei Model. c. Hoyt Model. d. von Thunen Model. e. Concentric Zone Model.
e
According to Brian Berry, people who are a part of a "daily urban system", supported by functional regions connected to urban hubs by commuter links, have access to a plethora of services in a. more developed countries. b. the United States. c. less developed countries. d. newly industrialized countries. e. A and B only.
e
According to the Burgess Model of Urban Development, the outer most ring is the Select one: a. extensive agriculture. b. extensive commercial agriculture. c. the zone of better residences. d. the zone of transition. e. the commuter zone.
e
Annexation is Select one: a. the process of removing underclass residents from inner city neighborhoods. b. the process of wealthy individuals settling into neighborhoods near the CBD. c. the process of an unincorporated area legally defining its boundaries. d. the process of establishing business parks in suburban communities. e. the process of a city legally adding more land.
e
Auto-centered cities emerged during the post World War II era in a. Eastern North America. b. Northwestern Europe. c. Central Japan. d. Upper Midwest. e. Southwestern United States.
e
Blockbusting in the 1950s often contributed to Select one: a. stabilization. b. gentrification. c. in-fill development. d. urban renewal. e. "white flight."
e
Challenges for mega cities in More Developed Countries (MDCs) include Select one: a. overcrowding. b. infrastructure maintenance. c. crime. d. pollution. e. all of the above.
e
Cites significantly increased their population size in Europe and North America during the Select one: a. later Medieval Ages. b. height of the Roman Empire. c. post World War II. d. the roaring 20s. e. Industrial Revolution.
e
Due to the changing nature of a city's economic base in North America, what activities and land uses have declined in and around the Central Business District (CBD)? Select one: a. Manufacturing. b. Residential. c. Major department stores. d. Warehousing. e. All of the above.
e
Even though land use in North American Central Business Districts (CBDs. is characterized by skyscrapers and high-density uses, a sizable percentage of land is still devoted to Select one: a. recreation. b. arts and entertainment. c. museums. d. industry. e. automobiles.
e
Government solutions that help solve regional metropolitan issues include Select one: a. establishing cooperative agencies , such as a council of governments. b. forming a federation of municipalities like Toronto. c. consolidations where governments share services. d. altering political boundaries so city and county boundaries coincide. e. all of the above.
e
In Chauncy Harris and Edward Ulman's Multiple Nuclei Model which of the following are nodes of activities? Select one: a. University centers. b. Hospital centers. c. Airport and transportation centers. d. Central business district. e. All of the above
e
One would expect to find a population pyramid with few senior citizens and people in the 25-29 age cohort in Select one: a. exurbs. b. commuter's zone. c. bedroom communities. d. dormitory towns. e. all of the above.
e
Rapid growth of cities in the Sunbelt of the United States took place after World War II because of Select one: a. home air-conditioning. b. widespread automobile ownership. c. environmental pull of warm winters. d. non-unionized labor was an economic pull for businesses. e. all of the above.
e
Suburban developments suffer from Select one: a. a lack of diversity. b. social isolation. c. a lack of green space. d. deteriorating schools. e. A and B only.
e
The "city beautiful movement" of the late 19th century was a response to Select one: a. over-crowded inner-city tenements. b. excessive pollution during the industrial era. c. citizens' need for urban green spaces. d. communities' need to have clean air. e. all of the above.
e
The economic base of many cities changed in the post-industrial era from Select one: a. industrial to business services. b. industrial to consumer services. c. industrial to public services. d. industrial to health services. e. all of the above.
e
The economic base of many cities in the Rocky Mountain West includes Select one: a. mining. b. recreation and tourism. c. manufacturing. d. business services. e. A and B only.
e
This age cohort is well represented in upscale wealthy suburban communities. Select one: a. 10-14. b. 15-19. c. 40-44. d. 49-50. e. All of the above.
e
Visually, the main difference between cities in North America and Europe is that there Select one: a. is a prevalence of skyscrapers in North American cities. b. are more lower income neighborhoods in European cities. c. are fewer skyscrapers in European cities. d. all of the above. e. A and C only.
e
What advantage does a city gain by legally incorporating? a. Authority to tax. b. Responsibility to provide essential services. c. Ability to hold elections. d. Establish legally defined boundaries. e. All of the above.
e
What assumption(s) are in Christaller's Central Place Theory? Select one: a. A flat isototropic plane with no physical barriers. b. Uniform soil fertility. c. Population and purchasing power would be evenly distributed. d. Uniform transportation system in all directions. e. All of the above.
e
What concerns are there for a developing country if the rank-size rule does not apply? Select one: a. Services will be clustered in the primate city. b. Services will not be evenly distributed through out the country. c. Smaller cities find it difficult to compete for services with the primate city. d. People in rural areas and small cities feel compelled to migrate to the primate city for jobs. e. All of the above.
e
What factor is responsible for explosive urban growth in the developing periphery? a. Rapid population growth. b. Lack of opportunity in rural areas. c. Difficulty of providing for one's family. d. Real and/or perceived economic opportunity in cities. e. All of the above.
e
What factor(s) contributed to the proliferation of suburbs in America during the post World War II era? Select one: a. Brown v. Board of Education. b. Federal government programs. c. Low-interest GI mortgage loans. d. Demographic shifts. e. All of the above
e
What factor(s) have contributed to the rapid urbanization in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) since 1950? Select one: a. Cities provide opportunity for displaced rural residents. b. Explosive population growth has made it difficult for subsistence farmers to support their families. c. Cultural amenities attract large number of young urban professionals. d. All of the above. e. A and B only.
e
What happened to inner city neighborhoods when many industries shifted geographic location to the suburbs after World War II? Select one: a. Neighborhoods declined in population. b. The housing stock deteriorated. c. Unemployment rates increased for inner city residents. d. Business services declined for inner city residents. e. All of the above.
e
What is the population of the fourth largest city in a country where the rank-size rule applies if the largest city is one million in population? Select one: a. 1,000,000. b. 750,000. c. 500,000. d. 300,000. e. 250,000.
e
What problems do metro area municipalities find it difficult to solve without regional governmental agencies? Select one: a. Air pollution. b. Traffic congestion. c. Solid waste disposal. d. Affordable housing. e. All of the above.
e
When comparing urban models for North American and European cities, what is the difference between where high-class residential neighborhoods area located? Select one: a. In European cities they are located near the Central Business District (CBD). b. Both have high-class residential areas adjacent to the main boulevard leading into the CBD. c. In North American cities they are typically located on the outskirts of the metro area. d. Both have wealthy neighborhoods scattered through out the city. e. A and C only.
e
Who is most likely to move into revitalized urban downtown area neighborhoods? Select one: a. White collar empty nesters. b. Young urban professionals (yuppies). c. Recent college graduates. d. Double income no kids households (dinks). e. All of the above.
e
