Chapter 14- Drug Therapy for Heart Failure Review Questions, Drugs That Affect Urine Output

List the GFR rates for the different stages of renal failure.

Stage 1 = <90 mL/min Stage 2 = <60 mL/min Stage 3 = <45 mL/min Stage 4 = <30 mL/min Stage 5 = <15 mL/min

Which instruction would the nurse give to the pt regarding oral nitroglycerin?

"If you do not feel a tingling sensation, the drug is no longer potent."

Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the use of Digoxin (Lanoxin)?

"Keep all laboratory appointments for drug level testing"

Which action or precaution is most important for the nurse to teach a pt who has been prescribed an oral potassium supplement?

"Take your potassium with food or a full glass of water to avoid nausea and vomiting."

Solve this problem: Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg PO is prescribed. The medication is available in scored tablets of 0.125 mg each. How many pills would the nurse administer?

2 tablets

What is the normal lab value for Urine Potassium?

25-100 mEq/L/day

What is the normal lab value for Urine Sodium?

40-220 mEq/day

What is the normal lab value for Urine Protein?

<100 mg/dL

What is the normal lab value for Urine RBCs?

<4 RBC/HPF

A patient taking tolterodine (Detrol) reports decreased urination, ankle swelling, and a weight gain of 5 pounds over the past 2 days. What does the nurse do next? a. Hold the dose and notifiy the prescriber b. Check the patients blood pressure and heart rate c. Give the dose as prescribed d. Document the finding as the only action

A ~ Adverse effects of drugs for overactive bladder include chest pain, fast or irregular heart rate, shortness of breath, swelling (edema) and rapid weight gain, confusion, and hallucinations. Additionally, these drugs may cause decreased urination or no urine output, and painful or difficult urination. The dose should be held and the prescriber notified.

A patient has received furosemide (Lasix), 40 mg orally, 30 minutes ago. To prevent injury to the patient, what does the nurse do? a. Assist the patient to the bathroom b. Keep the patient on bed rest c. Place all four side rails in the elevated position d. Ask the patient to get out of bed rapidly

A ~ An expected action of diuretic drugs is loss of excess fluid. This can lead to hypovolemia with signs of decreased volume including dizziness and lightheadedness. To provide a safe environment for the patient, the nurse should ensure that the patient has assistance when getting out of bed.

A patient who has been taking a diuretic for the past 2 weeks now experiences all of the following changes. Which change indicates to the nurse that the diuretic is effective? a. Weight loss of 7 lb b. Heart rate increased from 72 to 80 beats per minute c. Respiratory rate decreased from 20 to 16 breaths per minute d. Morning blood glucose decreased from 142 mg/dL to 110 mg/dL

A ~ Diuretic drugs cause water loss and are often prescribed for edema. One liter of water weighs 2.2 lb. In helping the patient rid the body of excess water, the patient is expected to lose weight.

The nurse is teaching a patient about diuretic therapy. Which statement made by the patient indicates that more teaching is needed? a. I am so thankful that my high blood pressure has been cured by this drug. b. I always try to drink just about the same amount of fluid that I urinate each day. c. I will call my health care provider if my heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. d. I have been taking this drug early in the day so that I don't have to get up during the night.

A ~ Diuretics do not cure high blood pressure (hypertension), they only control the problem. If the patient stops taking the diuretic, blood pressure will increase.

The nurse administers 20 mg of furosemide (Lasix) to a patient by the intravenous (IV) route. Which action is most important for the nurse to take? a. Give the drug slowly over at least 2 minutes. b. Check the patient carefully for symptoms of low blood glucose levels. c. Mix the drug with potassium chloride to prevent a rapid drop in serum potassium levels. d. Monitor the IV site after giving the drug because furosemide causes severe tissue damage if infiltration occurs.

A ~ Furosemide is ototoxic (can reduce hearing). This effect is more likely to occur when the drug is administered intravenously at a rapid rate (faster than 10 mg/min).

A patient is prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone). Why does the nurse advise the patient to avoid the use of salt substitutes? a. They may cause the patient to be at risk for a high potassium level. b. They can increase the patients risk for hypertension. c. They may lead to hypokalemia. d. They can cause water retention.

A ~ Most salt substitutes are made by replacing sodium with potassium. Use of salt substitutes at the same time as potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone increases the patients risk of a high potassium level (hyperkalemia).

Which diuretic may cause an adverse effect of a higher than normal serum potassium level? a. spironolactone (Aldactone) b. bumetanide (Bumex) c. chlorothiazide (Diuril) d. furosemide (Lasix)

A ~ Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic which reduces the amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys. As a result, serum potassium levels can become higher than normal.

The client is being treated with a thiazide diuretic. The nurse anticipates that the medication will be administered at: a. 8:00 AM. b. 11:30 AM. c. 4:30 PM. d. 9:00 PM.

A ~ The diuretic should be administered in the morning to avoid nocturia.

The client is being treated with furosemide and a steroid drug as well. As a result of the interaction of the drugs, the nurse should expect to see an increased loss of: a. potassium. b. calcium. c. magnesium. d. sodium.

A ~ The interaction of furosemide and a steroid drug can result in an increased loss of potassium.

A client is ordered to receive triamterene (Dyrenium) to decrease her blood pressure. The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of the medication in returning the blood chemistries to normal. A positive response to the medication is indicated by a(n) _____ K level and a(n) _____ Na level. a. increased; decreased b. increased; increased c. decreased; decreased d. decreased; increased

A ~ The medication is expected to produce an increase in the potassium level and a decrease in the sodium level.

The client is being treated with a thiazide diuretic as well as digoxin. He complains to the nurse of experiencing blurred vision. The highest priority nursing intervention is to call the physician because blurred vision: a. is indicative of digoxin toxicity. b. is indicative of an anaphylactic reaction. c. indicates an inadequate dosage of the diuretic. d. indicates an overdose of the diuretic.

A ~ Visual changes are indicative of digoxin toxicity when the drug is combined with a thiazide diuretic.

Scenario: The nurse is providing care for a 62-year-old male pt with heart failure who is prescribed continuous IV infusion of dobutamine. Which intended responses to this drug therapy will the nurse expect? Select all that apply A. Improved blood flow and circulation B. Decreased heart muscle contractility C. Decreased BP D. Irregular heart rate E. Improved heart function F. Decreased preload and afterload G. Tachycardic heart rate H. Discomfort at the IV site I. Increased blood vessel dilation J. Improved cardiac output

A. Improved blood flow and circulation C. Decreased BP E. Improved heart function F. Decreased preload and afterload I. Increased blood vessel dilation J. Improved cardiac output

Which benefits will the nurse discuss with a patient newly prescribed to take Entresto? Select all that apply A. Lowering the risk of hospitalization B. Decreasing the risk of kidney failure C. Lowering BP by increasing sodium level D. Decreasing the risk of death E. Increasing the dilation of blood vessels F. Improving blood flow

A. Lowering the risk of hospitalization D. Decreasing the risk of death E. Increasing the dilation of blood vessels F. Improving blood flow

A pt is to receive nesiritide (Natrecor). Which pt assessments are most important for the nurse to perform before giving this drug? Select all that apply A. Measuring heart rate B. Assessing the swallowing reflex C. Checking the IV line for patency D. Calculating oral intake E. Assessing respiratory rate factors F. Taking BP

A. Measuring heart rate C. Checking the IV line for patency E. Assessing respiratory rate factors F. Taking BP

For a headache related to initial treatment with nitroglycerin, the patient should take ______________.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Which condition alerts the nurse to assess a pt for worsening heart failure?

Ankle swelling

A pt on digoxin (Lanoxin) reports feeling tired and nauseated. What is the priority nursing assessment to make?

Apical pulse

What must the nurse teach a patient who is taking a diuretic drug? a. Avoid foods that are rich in potassium such as bananas and broccoli. b. Sit on the side of the bed for 1 to 2 minutes before getting out of bed. c. Notify the prescriber if the heart rate is less than 70 beats per minute. d. Keep a record of dietary intake for a few weeks.

B ~ A common side effect of diuretics is hypotension and patients should be advised to change positions slowly. Patients should also be taught the signs of hypotension such as dizziness and light-headedness.

Which side effect is associated only with loop diuretics? a. Dizziness b. Hearing loss c. Urinary frequency d. Increased sun sensitivity

B ~ All loop diuretics are ototoxic (can cause hearing loss). No other class of diuretics is ototoxic.

A patient taking a thiazide diuretic has the following blood laboratory values for kidney function. Which value does the nurse report to the prescriber immediately? a. Sodium 136 mEq/L b. Potassium 2.6 mEq/L c. Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL d. Blood urea nitrogen 6 mg/dL

B ~ Normal blood levels of potassium range between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L. The value listed here, 2.6 mEq/L, is low (hypokalemia) and can weaken the skeletal muscles of respiration. Most likely, the diuretic therapy caused the kidneys to excrete too much potassium. Although the blood urea nitrogen level also is lower than normal, it does not pose an immediate health threat.

What is the most common side effect of drugs used for benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH)? a. Low blood pressure b. Decreased libido c. Light-headedness d. Hair loss

B ~ Side effects of drugs used for BPH also include erectile dysfunction, decreased seminal fluid, and reduced fertility. The most common side effect of these drugs is a decreased interest in sexual activity.

The client is being treated with furosemide as well as an aminoglycoside. What effect should the nurse expect to see as a result of the interaction of the drugs? a. Blurred vision b. Ototoxicity c. Bone pain d. Blood-tinged urine

B ~ The interaction of furosemide and an aminoglycoside can produce ototoxicity in the client.

An 82-year-old-man is prescribed a dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibitor to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Which health promotion activity is most important for the nurse to teach this patient? a. Have vision and glaucoma checks yearly. b. Participate in yearly prostate cancer screening. c. Avoid both alcohol and caffeine while on the drug. d. Avoid donating blood when taking the drug and for at least 6 months after drug therapy has stopped.

B ~ The symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer are the same. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer type in older men. DHT inhibitors improve the symptoms of obstruction, which can mask the presence of prostate cancer. Although younger men should be cautioned not to donate blood during therapy and for 6 months after therapy (because the drug in the blood could cause birth defects if a pregnant woman received the blood), most blood centers do not permit people older than 75 years to donate blood.

A client is taking a thiazide diuretic. The nurse assesses the client's serum glucose level the fasting blood glucose level is 150 mg/dL. What is an appropriate response by the nurse? a. Instruct the client to discontinue taking hydrochlorothiazide. b. Inform the healthcare provider of the glucose level and the possible need for a different diuretic. c. Instruct the client to take hydrochlorothiazide every other day. d. Instruct the client to take an antidiabetic drug instead of the diuretic.

B ~ Thiazide diuretics can lead to impaired insulin function and hyperglycemia, warranting changing diuretic agents.

A patient with overactive bladder has been prescribed tolterodine (Detrol). While assessing the patient, the nurse discovers the presence of the following health problems. Which problem causes the nurse to contact the prescriber and question the drug order? a. Asthma b. Glaucoma c. Hypotension d. Diabetes mellitus

B ~ Tolterodine (Detrol) is an anticholinergic drug that can close the angle of the iris of the eye and decrease the outflow of aqueous fluid in the eye. For people who have closed angle glaucoma, the intraocular pressure can become even higher and the risk for blindness increases.

The nurse is educating a female pt of childbearing age about taking digoxin. Which statement made by the nurse is appropriate? A. "Drink plenty of water before breastfeeding" B. "Digoxin passes from the mother to the fetus" C. "This drug is perfectly safe for your baby" D. "Try to exercise regularly to reduce the drug's effect on the fetus"

B. "Digoxin passes from the mother to the fetus"

A patient has received instructions on increasing potassium intake, and the diet from the nurse. The patient demonstrates understanding of the instructions by selecting which menu items? Select all that apply. A. Tuna sandwich B. Baked potato C. Brazil nuts D. Winter squash E. Black beans

B. Baked potato D. Winter squash E. Black beans

A pt prescribed digoxin 0.25 mg orally per day has all of the following laboratory blood values. Which value will the nurse report to the prescriber before administering the next dose of digoxin? A. Sodium 133 mEq/L B. Potassium 2.8 mEq/L C. Blood urea nitrogen 9 mg/dL D. White blood cell count 11,000 cells/mm³

B. Potassium 2.8 mEq/L

The nurse is creating a care plan for a pt with heart failure. Which lifestyle changes does the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Fluid restriction of 1000 mL/day B. Weight loss program C. Smoking cessation program D. Aerobic exercise program E. Low-salt, low-fat diet F. Limiting alcohol intake

B. Weight loss program C. Smoking cessation program E. Low-salt, low-fat diet F. Limiting alcohol intake

A patient who has been taking amiloride (Midamor) for the past 3 months reports that she must shave her legs more frequently. What is the nurses best action? a. Hold the next dose and notify the prescriber immediately. b. Instruct the patient to stop taking oral contraceptives while she is taking this drug. c. Document the response and reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect. d. Ask the patient whether she has noticed any changes in the thickness of her scalp hair.

C ~ A common and nonharmful side effect of amiloride and other potassium-sparing diuretics is an increase in body hair (hirsutism) in women. It is not necessary to stop taking this drug.

A patient is prescribed an extended-release drug for overactive bladder. Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach the patient? a. Avoid taking this drug at bedtime. b. Drink at least 3 L of fluid daily. c. Swallow the tablet or capsule whole. d. Perform a home pregnancy test monthly.

C ~ Extended-release tablets or capsules are meant to release a drug at a relatively even dose throughout the day. Chewing or crushing the drug ruins the timed-release feature and allows most of the drug dose to be absorbed at once. This can cause more side effects and limits how long the drug will be effective.

The client is being treated with a thiazide diuretic. He tells the nurse that he is interested in using herbal preparations and frequently self-medicates with ginkgo. The nurses most appropriate response to this information is: a. Ginkgo can be effectively used with a thiazide diuretic since it decreases blood pressure. b. Ginkgo can be used with a thiazide diuretic since it prolongs medications action. c. Ginkgo should not be used with a thiazide diuretic since it increases blood pressure. d. Ginkgo should not be used with a thiazide diuretic since it may cause toxicity.

C ~ Increased blood pressure can result when ginkgo is used in combination with a thiazide diuretic.

Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated if the client has: a. emphysema. b. arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. c. renal failure. d. viral infection.

C ~ Renal failure decreases the excretion of the drug, leading to accumulation and electrolyte imbalance.

A patient prescribed a once-daily diuretic calls the office to report that yesterday's drug dose was missed. What is the nurses best advice? a. Take today's dose now and restrict todays fluid intake to 1 L. b. Take yesterday's dose now and take todays dose after another 6 hours. c. Take today's dose now and maintain your normal intake of food and fluids. d. Skip today's doses of all your medications and then begin everything fresh tomorrow.

C ~ Too much time has passed to take both yesterday's dose and today's dose. Additional dosing would amount to doubling the dose, which could lead to more side effects and possible complications.

Which statement made by a pt with heart failure indicates to the nurse that additional teaching is needed about the prescribed drug therapy? A. "I always try to take my heart failure drugs at the same time each day." B. "Now I am using a weekly pill dispenser to keep my drugs straight." C. "Now that my heart failure is cured, I can cut back the drugs I take." D. "If I gain more than 3 lbs in a week, I will call my doctor."

C. "Now that my heart failure is cured, I can cut back the drugs I take."

What would be the correct initial dose of Nesiritide (Natrecor) for an adult pt with heart failure who weighs 68 kg? A. 10 mcg B. 130 mcg C. 136 mcg D. 100 mcg

C. 136 mcg

What is the most important action for the nurse to perform before administering a pt's daily dose of digoxin?

Checking the pt's apical pulse for a full 60 seconds

Which symptom will the nurse assess for in a pt who has left ventricular heart failure?

Crackles in the lungs

For which complication does the nurse remain alert when a patient is taking any type of diuretic? a. Loss of appetite b. Bladder spasms c. Hypertension d. Dehydration

D ~ Any type of diuretic increases water loss through urination. This water loss can cause dehydration if a patient's fluid intake does not keep pace with his or her urine output.

Which laboratory value is always checked before giving a dose of furosemide (Lasix)? a. Calcium b. Magnesium c. Creatinine d. Potassium

D ~ Blood levels of potassium often decrease when furosemide (a loop diuretic) is administered, causing dry mouth, increased thirst, irregular heartbeat, mental and mood changes, muscle cramps or muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, tiredness, weakness, and weak pulses.

The nurse prepares to give a second dose of furosemide (Lasix) to a patient by intravenous (IV) push. Before the injection is started, the patient reports having chest pain ever since the last dose of the drug. What is the nurses best action? a. Assist the patient to lay flat and encourage him or her to take slow, deep breaths. b. Document the report as the only action for this expected side effect. c. Slow the IV drip rate and examine the infusion site for infiltration. d. Hold the dose and notify the prescriber immediately.

D ~ Chest pain is a serious side effect or adverse reaction to furosemide and can indicate that the patient is having a heart attack. Another dose could cause a more severe response. The prescriber should be notified about this response immediately for preventive action.

Client teaching for a client taking a thiazide diuretic includes which instruction? a. Instruct the client to add salt liberally to his food. b. Instruct the client to decrease intake of potassium-rich foods. c. Instruct the client to check pulse rate if digoxin is taken with hydrochlorothiazide. d. Advise the client to rise slowly from a sitting to a standing position.

D ~ Diuretics can lead to orthostatic hypotension. The client should limit Na intake and ingest K-containing foods.

Why does the nurse teach a patient who is prescribed a thiazide diuretic to change positions slowly? a. Moving rapidly from a standing position to a sitting position can raise blood pressure and increase the patients risk for a stroke. b. Moving rapidly from a standing position to a sitting position can cause excess body fluids to collect in the feet and ankles increasing the patients risk for edema. c. Moving rapidly from a sitting position to a standing position can put pressure on the bladder and increase the patients risk for incontinence. d. Moving rapidly from a sitting position to a standing position can cause blood pressure to drop and increase the patients risk for falling.

D ~ Diuretics reduce the amount of blood in the circulatory system at any one time, lowering blood pressure. When the patient moves from a sitting position to a standing position too rapidly, blood pressure falls very quickly (orthostatic hypotension), causing too little blood to reach the brain and making the patient dizzy. This can cause the patient to faint or fall.

A nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle changes when taking a potassium-sparing diuretic. Which statement indicates a need for more teaching? a. I need to have my blood drawn frequently. b. I need to call the clinic if I am urinating less than every 2 hours. c. I need to be careful when out in the sun. d. I need to eat foods like bananas frequently.

D ~ Eating high-potassium foods with potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to hyperkalemia.

A patient taking tamsulosin (Flomax) asks the nurse how the drug works. What is the nurses best response? a. This drug works on your prostate gland to decrease its size. b. This drug signals the cells in your prostate gland not to grow. c. This drug works by relaxing the detrusor muscle of your bladder. d. This drug relaxes muscle around your urethra to improve urine flow.

D ~ Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1 blocker that acts to relax smooth muscle tissue in the prostate gland, the neck of the bladder, and in the urethra. When these receptors are bound with selective alpha-1 blockers, the smooth muscle relaxes, placing less pressure on the urethra and improving urine flow.

The client is being treated with chlorthalidone (Hygroton). In determining the proper time to schedule dosages, the nurse recognizes that the duration of action for the medication is up to _____ hours. a. 12 b. 24 c. 48 d. 72

D ~ The medication will stay in the client's system for up to 72 hours.

A patient who is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) informs the nurse that she plans to become pregnant. What does the nurse include in a care plan for the patient about this drug? a. This drug is safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. b. The prescriber will most likely decrease your dose while you are pregnant. c. You may take this drug during pregnancy, but should not use it if you plan to breastfeed. d. This drug should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

D ~ Thiazide diuretics should be avoided during pregnancy because they may cause side effects in the newborn, including jaundice and low potassium levels. Thiazide diuretics should also be avoided during breastfeeding because they pass into breast milk. The action of these drugs may decrease the flow of breast milk.

The client is being treated with a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should expect to see an increased serum _____ as a result of treatment with this drug. a. potassium b. sodium c. magnesium d. calcium

D ~ Treatment with a thiazide diuretic will produce an increase in the levels of serum calcium, glucose, and uric acid, and a decrease in the levels of serum potassium, sodium, and magnesium.

A patient is prescribed a drug for overactive bladder. Which instruction does the nurse provide to prevent a serious complication? a. Be sure to let your prescriber know if your symptoms do not improve. b. When using the patch, press it firmly to make sure it stays in place. c. Use alcohol in moderation while taking this drug. d. Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated.

D ~ Urinary antispasmodic drugs decrease the sweating response, increasing the risk for heat stroke. Patients can reduce this risk by ensuring that they keep themselves well hydrated during exercise or when in hot environments.

After beginning therapy with IV potassium for heart failure, a patient's cardiac monitor shows an irregular heart rate of 60 bpm. The patient reports feeling weak and confused. Which serum potassium range would result from IV potassium therapy (expressed in mmol/L) A. 3.5-5 B. 1.5-3.0 C. 0.5-1.5 D. 5.2-6.8

D. 5.2-6.8

The nurse prepares to administer a drug for heart failure to a pt. Which assessment finding does the nurse report to the prescriber before administering the drug? A. Increased systolic BP from 128 to 136 B. Urine output of 2100 mL in 24 hrs C. Weight gain of 1 lb in 3 days D. Heart rate of 54 bpm

D. Heart rate of 54 bpm

Symptoms of left-sided heart failure

Shortness of breath (SOB) Oliguria during the day Frothy, pink-tinged sputum Crackles and wheezes

Symptoms of right-sided heart failure

Distended abdomen Enlarged liver

A pt with heart failure is prescribed oral captopril (Capoten) and carvedilol (Coreg). The heart rate after giving these drugs is decreased from 84 bpm to 68 bpm. What is the nurse's best action?

Documenting the finding as the only action

True or False Nitroglycerin ointment should be kept on the pt's skin around the clock in order to maintain therapeutic blood level

False It is removed at night to maintain its effectiveness

True or False Previous doses of nitroglycerin ointment should be vigorously rubbed off before administering a new dose

False It should not be rubbed off vigorously because an additional amount could be absorbed

True or False The trade name for the drug Dopamine is Dobutamine

False The trade name for Dopamine is Intropin

Digoxin increases the force of _______________ _______________.

Heart contraction

The following are intended responses for which vasodilator? Decreased heart workload Decreased BP Increased arterial vasodilation

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

A pt taking hydralazine (Apresoline) for heart failure has a temperature of 104°F. His WBC count has dropped from 8000/mm³ to 4000/mm³. What is the pt at risk for experiencing?

Infection

The following are intended responses for which vasodilator? Decreased heart workload Increased blood flow to coronary arteries Increased venous vasodilation Decreased BP

Isosorbide (Isordil)

Left heart failure is characterized by a dilated or overstretched _________ _________?

Left ventricle

Most heart failure begins in the ______________ _______________.

Left ventricle

What is the normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

Men 130 mL/min/1.73m2 Women 120 mL/min/1.73m2

The following are intended responses for which vasodilator? Decreased heart workload Increased venous vasodilation Decreased BP

Nitroglycerin

Before administering nitroglycerin ointment to a pt, what precaution would the nurse take?

Putting on gloves

Decreased renal blood flow related to heart failure is compensated by activation of the _______________ _______________ _______________.

Renin-angiotensin system

A patient is undergoing treatment for heart failure with dopamine. The nurse would recognize which condition as a possible side effect of this treatment?

Tissue damage occurs if there is infiltration

True or False Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity may be characterized by bradycardia, loss of appetite, and yellow halos appearing around objects

True

A pt is prescribed nitroglycerin ointment. What technique does the nurse use for protection and to avoid experiencing side effects from this drug during drug administration?

Wearing a pair of disposable gloves

Hydralazine (Apresoline) dosage in children is based on which measurement?

Weight

What is the normal Urine Glucose lab value?

ZERO

What is the normal lab value for Urine Nitrates?

ZERO