Chapter 14 md

Which group of people was consigned to the bottom of Linnaeus's classification of people? East Asians Pacific peoples Amerindians Africans

Africans

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)? Foreign powers forced Japan to modernize by adopting "modern" science and culture. Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country. Members of middle class idealized foreign culture, leading the shoguns to fear that learning about Enlightenment ideals might lead the merchants to overthrow the emperor. Before the seventeenth century, Japan had not come into contact with foreign ideas or culture.

Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country.

Which of the following is a reason that Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas? Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule. Creoles wanted to imitate their English counterparts in North America. Enlightenment ideas were popular in Portugal and Spain. Creoles believed in the equality of all humankind.

Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.

Which of the following did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common? Both of them returned home with news of gold that could be exploited. Both of them changed local ecologies by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments. Both of them were killed by people they met in their travels. Both of them sailed to obtain scientific knowledge as well as empire.

Both of them changed local ecologies by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments.

Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted which of the following? Conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature. Only members of the clergy could safely conduct scientific experiments without imperiling their souls. The best way to learn was to inquire into the ways that other cultures did scientific research. Scientific knowledge should be based on the work of traditional authorities, such as Aristotle.

Conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature.

As Africa became increasingly caught up in global economic exchanges during this period, African culture was heavily influenced by European culture. T/F

False

Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation? He believed that the laws of God did not permit the guilds' imposition of controls on labor. Mercantilists advocated rational self-interest, which could not advance the common good. He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth. Free competition encouraged improvements in industrial production.

He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth.

In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document? It avowed that only a government based on Christian ideals could provide a just society. It argued for the rise of a meritocracy based on talent, not rank. It proposed that democracy was the best form of government. It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.

It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.

How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order? It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy. The most popular plays were those that made fun of the shogun. It argued that people should be able to rise in the social hierarchy through attention to propriety and virtuous behavior. It offered women opportunities for independence and autonomy.

It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.

How did the European missionary presence differ in the Americas from that in East Asia before 1800? Missionaries to the East Asia failed to learn anything about the people they sought to convert. Missionaries to the Americas were more successful at impressing their audiences with examples of European cartography. Missionaries to East Asia were more willing to accept the blending of multiple religious traditions. Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.

Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.

What did the Ottomans see as evidence that the Islamic world had a monopoly on truth, enlightenment, and culture? Europeans had much less wealth than the Ottomans. Ottoman military successes proved God's favor for their culture. Nowhere else could the famous tulips of the Tulip Period be grown. Ottoman science was more advanced than European science.

Ottoman military successes proved God's favor for their culture.

In what way might the transporting of British prisoners to Australia be considered an Enlightenment concept? Once their terms of incarceration were completed, all residents in Australia were to have equal rights to life, liberty, and property. Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform. Transportation was a more enlightened form of punishment than hanging. The costs of incarceration in Britain would go down according to free market principles.

Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform.

What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin? Intricate silver jewelry Enormous marble palaces and temples Sophisticated bronzes Detailed paintings of plant life

Sophisticated bronzes

For what reason did the Chinese take little interest in the maps brought by Matteo Ricci? Chinese maps reflected more knowledge of other parts of the world. The Chinese knew that the earth was round, and ridiculed the flat earth shown in Ricci's maps. The Chinese believed that Ricci's maps made China seem an unimportant country on the edge of the world. Chinese maps exhibited a higher degree of geometric and mathematical precision.

The Chinese believed that Ricci's maps made China seem an unimportant country on the edge of the world.

Which of the following is an important cultural achievement of the Safavids? The Safavids created a blending of Sunni and Shia poetry. The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam, and blended it with traditional Persian culture. The art of the period reflected the majesty and aloofness of the Safavid shahs. The Safavid capital, Isfahan, was modeled after the Topkapi palace in Istanbul.

The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam, and blended it with traditional Persian culture.

Which of the following is often seen as the epitome of the blending of Persian, Islamic, and Indian traditions? The empire's legal system The peacock throne The palace at Isfahan The Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal

Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Muteferrika? The janissaries The ulama The devshirme The Sufis

The ulama

Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science? They needed a clear understanding of the constellations and other celestial features in order to navigate the world's oceans. They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work. They wanted to decipher the mysteries of the universe and gain greater control over nature. They believed that astronomy was the key to a universal and objective understanding of the natural world.

They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.

Which of the following was one of the goals of the authors of the Encyclopédie? They wanted to portray all other cultures as being inferior to European culture. They wanted to evaluate the world's regions according to their adherence to rational science. They sought to gather all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth and to present it in useful form. They sought to create a catalog of all of the works of Western authors.

They sought to gather all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth and to present it in useful form.

The Ottoman Empire was more ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse than any previous Muslim state. T/F

True