Chapter 15 Quiz
Children show evidence of sensitivity to the "rules" of language by the age of _______ months.
7
A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia.
Broca's
A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.
Broca's
Which statement about childhood aphasia true?
Language abilities impaired by childhood brain injury are usually restored by adulthood
Which statement about the evolution of languages is most accurate?
Languages are being lost or absorbed as a result of increasing globalization
Anna has been diagnosed with deep dyslexia. The most obvious symptom she has is
She interprets a word when reading not as the word on the page but as a semantically related word
Which statement best illustrates the motor theory of language?
When we listen to speech, we process the speech sounds using the same neural systems that we use to make those sounds.
The relationship between the direction of the whorl of hair on the top of the head and handedness supports the idea that
a single gene has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body
A 45-year old individual that played football all his life is showing signs of confusion and memory loss. If you were to examine his brain, what would you expect to find?
abnormal expression of tau
Disturbance in reading is called
alexia
Apraxia is
an inability to execute a learned sequence of movements
Damage to the _______, which transmits information between Wernicke's area and Broca's area leads to _______ aphasia.
arcuate fasciculus; conduction
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings
are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia
Because apes seem able to learn a version of American Sign Language (ASL), some researchers have concluded that they are able to acquire language. Those who disagree, however, offer which criticism of this conclusion?
chimpanzees may only be imitating the gestures of trainers
According to some studies, stroke patients given _______ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time.
constraint-induced movement
The human brain shows a clear _______, during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally.
critical period
Unusual groupings of cells in the outer layers of the cerebral cortex have been seen in postmortem studies of
dyslexia
Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?
fusiform gyrus
The complete loss of the ability to understand language, or to speak, read, or write is called _______ aphasia.
global
If conscious subjects receive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of anterior portions of Broca's area, they
have difficulty understanding the meanings of words
In infants, the left planum temporale is larger than the right, suggesting that
humans have an inborn neural mechanism for language
In general, brain injury suffered _______ has less severe consequences than brain injury suffered _______.
in childhood; in adulthood
Astereognosis is the
inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation
Hemispheric specialization is also known as
lateralization
PET scans of brain activation during progressively more complex language processing tasks showed _______ in Broca's area as compared to activation during simple word repetition or reading aloud.
marked activation
Which symptom is not one of the forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers?
micropolygyria
_______ is an anatomical abnormality of developmental dyslexia that is associated with excessive cortical folding in areas such as the temporoparietal junction.
micropolygyria
Birdsong is similar to human speech in that
proper expression of the FOXP2 gene appears to be crucial
Bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus results in
prosopagnosia
Prosopagnosia is the inability to
recognize faces
People with conduction aphasia are unable to
repeat words or sentences
The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm.
restraining
A left-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed in up to 50% of
right-handed individuals
The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody.
right; right
Which feature of birdsong suggests it is analogous to human speech?
some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song
The challenge facing researchers who seek to study the functions of the two brain hemispheres is that the hemispheres have many connections and function as one. The solution to this has been to study _______ patients in which the _______ has been cut, thereby separating the connection between the hemispheres.
split-brain; corpus callosum
A native English-speaking person with _______ dyslexia would have great difficulty reading the title The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough.
surface
Split-brain individuals are those who have undergone surgery to _______ as a treatment for _______.
the corpus callosum; epilepsy
Williams syndrome provides evidence for
the heritability of language
Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of
the left posterior temporal region
Speech mechanisms may have evolved from more ancient systems controlling gestures of the face and hands, in agreement with
the motor theory of language
Mirror therapy has been shown to be useful for rehabilitation after brain injury as it
tricks the brain into thinking they are moving the paralyzed arm
In patients with aphasia following a stroke, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved _______ after the episode of brain damage.
within 3 months
