Chapter 16
The term "____________" generation refers to a situation in which the middle generation alternates attention between the demands of grown children and aging parents.
pivot generation
Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life?
He only studied men, but claims his results apply to women as well. He drew conclusions about early adulthood, without actually studying anyone in that age range.
Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?
drinking isolating themselves trying to solve the problem themselves
Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing
empty nest syndrome.
Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of
extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men.
Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop
generativity
Which statements are true about the roles of grandparents in their grandchildren's lives?
Caring for children helps parents remain in the workforce. They often play a particularly important role after family crises.
By 2020, experts project that _____ percent of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents.
80
Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents?
80%
Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?
Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents
The ______ study/studies found little to support the view that personality universally changes or remains stable from early adolescence through a portion of midlife.
Berkeley
Which of the following are among theories that define stages of adult development?
Erikson's life-span view Levinson's seasons of a man's life
Which researcher headed the study of 132 women at Mills College in the late 1950s?
Ravenna Helson
Which of the following is true of adult stage theories?
They have contributed to the view that midlife brings a crisis in development.
True or false: It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.
True
According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?
biological generativity work generativity cultural generativity
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae conducted the ______ Study, which uses the Big Five factors of personality to track adult personality development.
baltimore
The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as
close
According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?
determining life goals
Marital satisfaction typically ______ after adult children leave home.
increases
Compared to grandfathers, grandmothers have ______ contact with grandchildren.
more
In a cross-cultural comparison, as compared to Chinese grandparents, U.S. grandparents were characterized by which of the following?
more role satisfaction better well-being more attachment higher parental efficacy
According to Levinson, the twenties is the ______ phase of adult development.
novice
Which of the following Big Five factors have been shown to peak between 40 and 60 years of age and decrease in late adulthood?
openness agreeableness extraversion
Who of the following are the most likely to experience a decline in marital satisfaction?
parents who experience the empty nest syndrome after living vicariously through their children
Which of the following have been used to describe middle-aged adults who are helping both adolescent or young adults and aging parents?
sandwich generation overload generation squeezed generation
In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes which of the following qualities?
security loyalty mutual emotional interest
The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT
self-control
In the early version of the life-events approach, life events were viewed as
stressful circumstances that forced individuals to undergo a change in their personality.
Women are more likely than men to react to stress with a ______ approach, which focuses on seeking out social support.
tend-or-befriend
Which research project studied more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life?
the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies
The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as
the cumulative personality model.
The death of a spouse, divorce, and marriage all involve varying degrees of stress and are therefore likely to influence an individual's development according to
the early life-events approach.
Which of the following defines the social clock?
the timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks
The Mills College Study distinguished which of the following main groups among the Mills College women?
women without children who pursued low-level work family-oriented women career-oriented women