Chapter 16: Endocrine System
Calcitonin acts to ___________
decrease blood calcium
adrenal gland secretes _______________
epinephrine
pineal gland secretes ______________
melatonin
Insulin's effects in target cells are ____________
to increase lipolysis
Which of the following is not an effect of cortisol?
Increased lipogenesis
A tumor in what tissue would cause Grave's disease?
Thyroid
Hormones that bind to 7-TMS receptors signal the cell interior through effects on:
- G protein - cAMP - Adenylate cyclase - Protein kinase A
Hormone target cells __________________
- are found throughout the body - express a receptor for that hormone - convert the information carried in the hormone structure into a cellular signal - play key roles in the regulation of physiological processes
Hormones are released in response to -
- other hormones - changes in physiological systems - blood levels of key components - nervous system regulation
An endocrine cell _____________
- secretes hormones into blood - can be a neuron - is found as part of organs like the heart - is found within endocrine organs
Hormones release is ___________ regulated in contrast to neurotransmitter release, which is ____________ regulated.
amplitude; frequency
Steroids are produced __________________
by enzymatic conversion of cholesterol
What would be the effect of a parathyroid tumor that over secretes PTH?
calcification of soft tissues
kidney secretes ____________
calcitriol
Steroid hormones are based on ____________
cholesterol
The lipid-soluble hormone is transported ____________
complexed to carrier proteins
The adrenal cortex produces _______________
cortisol, corticoosterone, aldosterone, and androstenedione
The t 1/2 of a lipid-soluble hormone would be increased by ______________
decreased metabolism
The adrenal medulla produces _____________ a. cortisol b. corticosterone c. aldosterone d. androstenodione e. none of the above
e. none of the above
The receptors to which TSH binds are located on:
follicular cells of the thyroid gland
PTH hormone is released in response to ________________
hypocalcemia
Which of the following will lead to feedback inhibition of hypothalamic production of TRH?
increased levels of TSH, increased levels of thyroxine (T4)
_____________________ is both a neurotransmitter and hormone
norepinephrine
Which of the following organs have both an endocrine and exocrine function?
pancreas
The mechanism of action for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) involves _____________
phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue
Activation of adenylate cyclase leads to ______________________
production of cAMP
Which of the following is not an effect of thyroxine?
protein synthesis
thyroxine is synthesized as part of ____________ and contains ______________
thyroglobulin; iodine
thyroid gland secretes ______________
thyroxine
The thyroid produces __________
thyroxine and calcitonin
The primary physiological effect of insulin secretion is ______________
to decrease blood glucose content
Match the steroid with its physiological effect.
Aldosterone - Na+ retention Cortisol - hyperglycemia Estrogen - sex steroid Androgen precursor - sex steroid
Loss of GNRH would have which of the following effects?
Decreased in blood glucose (hypoglycemia)
Which of the following conditions would be expected not to cause cortisol release?
Eating a glucose rich meal
Match each hormone with how it is synthesized.
Epinephrine - enzymatic synthesis Insulin - gene transcript Steroids - enzymatic synthesis ACTH - gene transcript
A hypothalamic tumor that resulted in an oversecretion of GnRH would lead to elevated blood levels of _____________
FSH/LH
As a result of phospholipase C activation:
IP3 may cause the release of stored calcium ions to act as second messengers
Signal transduction refers to which of the following?
- the process by which neurotransmitter binding to the post-synaptic membrane results in EPSP - how the information inherent in hormone structure leads to a cellular change - the process by which cells communicate with other cells - the process by which sensory information is converted by sensory cells into action potentials
Match each hormone with its cell transduction pathway
Insulin - 1-TMS Steroids - Nuclear or cytosolic receptor Epinephrine - GPCR Growth Hormone - RTKase
Which of the following properties would convince someone that a compound is likely a hormone?
It is released into the blood in response to a change in a physiological parameter
A genetic mutation leading to the loss of Phospholipase C activity would affect signaling by which of the following hormones?
TRH
TSH release is stimulated by ______________
TRH
