Chapter 16- Management
Which of the following statements is true of political behavior?
Even if a manager's actions are not politically motivated, others may assume that they are.
Mihee, the chief nurse in a hospital, sets challenging goals for her subordinates because she has confidence in her nurses. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Mihee exhibiting?
achievement-oriented
Which type of leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, primarily involves setting challenging goals, expecting subordinates to perform at high levels, encouraging subordinates, and showing confidence in subordinates' abilities?
achievement-oriented
In the context of the Ohio State studies of leadership, a leader showing consideration behavior ____.
attempts to establish a warm, friendly, and supportive climate in the workplace
How can managers reduce the likelihood of political behavior by subordinates?
by providing subordinates with responsibility
Demonstrating personal excitement or passion about something is part of ____ leadership.
charismatic
Bullies in the workplace use sarcasm, humiliation, and fear to influence others. This is a form of ____ power.
coercive
Punishment involves the use of ____ power.
coercive
Verbal reprimands, written reprimands, disciplinary layoffs, fines, demotion, and termination are examples of ____ power possessed by managers.
coercive
According to Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership, for a given problem statement, if the decision significance, importance of commitment, and leader expertise are all high, but the likelihood of commitment and group support are both low, the recommended decision-making process is ____.
consult (group)
When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be done by a manager, regardless of leadership skills?
delegate responsibility
How can transformational leadership be defined?
going beyond ordinary expectations
According to the Leadership Grid, a manager who exhibits impoverished management ____.
has little concern for people or for work performance
In the context of the charismatic leadership theory, proposed by Robert House, charismatic leaders are likely to ____.
have a firm conviction in their beliefs
Valencia, an employee at Y Inc., attempts to bring all her contributions to successful projects to the attention of her manager. Her intention is to build a good image in the eyes of the management. What is best exemplified by Valencia's behavior?
impression management
Although she could have refused the project, Marah agreed to work on it because she knows that if she does well, her manager will consider her for a promotion. Which type of power is Marah's manager using?
instrumental compliance
According to a survey, who is most likely to engage in political behaviors?
upper levels of management
How can political behavior play a useful role?
It can be used to increase social responsibility.
What can leadership, in conjunction with management skills, do for an organization?
Keep it aligned with its environment.
Which of the following is an example of a good leader in the context of business?
a person who keeps the organization aligned with its environment
Which of the following is a prerequisite for effective leadership?
high standards of ethical conduct
Which of the following is a task characteristic that may neutralize or substitute for leadership?
intrinsic satisfaction
Management is necessary to achieve orderly results, while ____ is necessary to create change.
leadership
What describes the activities carried out for the specific purpose of acquiring, developing, and using power and other resources to obtain one's preferred outcomes?
political behavior
Tariq Lennox demonstrates high moral standards with every decision he makes and inspires others to follow suit. From the given information, we can say that he has ____ power.
referent
As a process, leadership can be defined as ____.
the use of noncoercive influence to shape an organization's goals
Why is management needed in organizations?
to achieve orderly results
When it comes to executing plans, what is the role of a manger?
controlling and problem solving
According to the path-goal theory, if people perceive that they are lacking in abilities, they are most likely to prefer ____ to help them understand path-goal relationships better.
directive leadership
Based on the Michigan studies, Rensis Likert argued that the ____ behavior generally tends to be more effective.
employee-centered leader
What might a leader be responsible for when creating an agenda for the organization that a manager would not?
establishing direction
Carlos, the manager at a publishing house, heads the editorial team. Pallavi, one of his subordinates, belongs to his in-group. This information would be significant for the proceedings of ____.
the leader-member exchange model
Which of the following is the most probable motive for a manager to engage in political behavior?
to acquire power
How can organizational leadership use the Leadership Grid when evaluating new managers?
to determine training needs
Why has the importance of cross-cultural leadership increased in today's times?
because of the increasing diversity in workplaces
In the context of the Vroom's decision tree approach, when managers present a problem to their group at a meeting, get their suggestions, and then make the decision, they follow the ____ decision-making style.
consult group
Carolyn, a manager, discusses and reasons with the Board of Directors of her company until they agree to let her try her new strategic plan for a trial period. Carolyn is using ____ in the given situation.
persuasion
Which of the following is the ability to affect the behavior of others?
power
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of strategic leaders?
They understand the organization and recognize the importance of the environment.
When considering the three elements of charismatic leaders, how would a leader energize others?
by demonstrating personal confidence
In the context of the Vroom's decision tree approach, when a manager allows his group to define for itself the exact nature and parameters of a problem and then to develop a solution, he follows the ____ decision-making style.
delegate
Abbott, a shoe manufacturing company, strives to keep its workers satisfied. The company allows flexible time shifts and offers family-centered benefits. According to the Michigan studies, management is demonstrating ____ behavior.
employee-centered leader
Why is transformational leadership becoming more vital to the success of a business?
rapid change and turbulent environments
When a leader has a high degree of charisma and loyalty, they also have a high degree of ____ power.
referent
For which reason might employees engage in political behaviors?
to protect themselves from others
Which style of leadership goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking?
transformational
In the Ohio State studies, employees of supervisors who ranked high on initiating structure ____.
were high performers
The LPC theory classifies leaders into two types based on ____.
whether they are task oriented or relationship oriented
According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt's leadership continuum, what is a manager who uses the strongest level of boss-centered leadership likely to do?
Make a decision and announce it.
What is the basic assumption of situational approaches to leadership?
The appropriate leader style will vary from one set of circumstances to another.
Paramita is a manager who is extremely intent on getting the job done. She does not show much consideration for her staff, and she expects them to work late as needed to meet deadlines and achieve goals. According to the Leadership Grid, Paramita's style reflects what type of management?
authority-compliance
Darnell is responsible for reviewing the benefits offered to all employees. He met with several employees individually to get their suggestions, and based on their ideas, developed a package he thought would be most appropriate. Which aspect of Vroom's decision tree decision-making style did Darnell use?
consult individual
A supervisor exhibiting ____ leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, is most likely to let subordinates know what is expected of them, gives guidance and direction, and schedules work.
directive
After oil prices hit record highs and the oil companies made record profits, some of the oil company's CEOs appeared on television to explain their business to consumers. This is an example of ____.
impression management
During the interview process, Olesia told a highly qualified candidate that if they accepted the position, the company would cover the cost of relocation and provide an additional bonus. What did Olesia use to encourage the candidate to accept the position?
inducement
The behavior that is called "job-centered leader behavior" in the Michigan studies is similar to the behavior called ____ behavior in the Ohio State studies.
initiating-structure
As a manager, Azim holds a lot of referent power. He must tell his staff that he needs as many of them as possible to work this coming weekend because a project is behind schedule. He knows some employees will be upset. What type of power can Azim use to encourage loyalty and teamwork from his staff?
inspirational appeal
In addition to a thorough understanding of the organization itself, what organizational knowledge do strategic managers need to be effective?
its culture
As a manager, Tariq has consistently demonstrated an appropriate amount of concern for both people and production. On the Leadership Grid, Tariq's style would be classified as ____.
middle-of-the-road management
Which of the following approaches to identifying a leader is a person using if he votes for a politician based on his communication skills, intelligence, appearance, and assertiveness?
path-goal theory
Which of the following is a situational leadership model that suggests that the primary function of a leader is to make desired rewards available, and to clarify how to earn those rewards?
path-goal theory
The more a manager uses coercive power, the more likely he is to encourage ____.
resentment
A news producer has the authority to choose which reporter will get to cover important news items and which reporter will cover trivial news items. The news producer uses this authority to recognize the hard work of reporters. Which of the following types of power is the producer using in this case?
reward
When leaders decide to either give salary increases to their employees or withhold any salary increases, which of the following types of power do they exercise?
reward
According to Fiedler, a task is structured when it is ____.
routine, easy to understand, and unambiguous
The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership ____.
stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates
Which type of leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, primarily involves being friendly and approachable, showing concern for subordinate welfare, and treating members as equals?
supportive
According to the Leadership Grid, which approach to leadership is thought to be the best idea because of the interdependence on a common stake in the organization?
team management
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what is the primary function of a leader?
to clarify behaviors that lead to rewards
People in Japan generally hold the view that the group is more important that any individual in it. This is known as ____.
collectivism
Junhua is in charge of maintaining all the computers in the organization. Additionally, whenever an employee has a problem with their computer, they call Junhua. What type of power does Junhua have in this organization?
expert
According to the Michigan studies, which trait does Likert find most consistent with employee-centered leader behavior?
flexible
The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to increase commitment to select individuals with ____.
high ethical standards
The first organized approach to studying leadership focused on ____.
leadership traits
Why have traditional approaches to leadership theories generally failed?
Social systems and individuals are complex.
Which of the following is the part of the Leadership Grid that deals with the job and task aspects of leader behavior?
concern for production
Ramon was recently hired as the president and CEO of a solar battery technology company, in the wake of a scandal that toppled the former management team. An external audit revealed that the previous leaders had misappropriated grant money received from the U.S. government. Ramon has been hired to restore the government's faith in the company and to establish a culture of moral integrity within the firm. Which leadership skills will be important for Ramon in this position?
ethical
According to the Leadership Grid, the manager who maintains adequate concern for both people and production reflects what type of management?
impoverished
Woojin wears a shirt and tie to work every day, even though it isn't required. He also asked to be placed on high-profile projects so that he can be linked to successful work. Which of the following is Woojin using?
impression management
The CEO at Green Inc. has established that employees should adhere to a vertical communication process and a fixed work flow system, and she strictly monitors these processes. The steps taken by the CEO at Green Inc. reflect the ____ behavior of leaders suggested by the Ohio State studies.
initiating structure
At the opposite ends of the single continuum used by the Michigan studies are the leader's ____.
job-centered leader behavior and employee-centered leader behavior
Eli has found that organizational rewards do not inspire him, and he would rather do freelance work because of the independence it offers him. For Eli, what does independence act as?
leadership neutralizer
An individual who is motivating and inspiring people to energize them to overcome barriers by satisfying basic human needs is fulfilling what role and activity?
leadership role in executing plans
A manager can assign tasks to a subordinate, and a subordinate who refuses to do them can be reprimanded or even fired. This is an example of ____ power.
legitimate
When an organization promotes someone, it sends a signal to everyone that the person is competent. This gives the person ____ power.
legitimate
Which type of power is power granted through the organizational hierarchy?
legitimate
Paramita is in charge of managing the marketing team at her office. To be an effective leader, she should ____.
motivate and inspire her staff
According to the path-goal theory, a person with an internal locus of control is most likely to prefer ____ leadership.
participative
When a person has an internal locus of control, which leadership style will likely be best for them?
participative
Which of the following leadership models is a direct extension of the expectancy theory of motivation?
path-goal
Which of the following is a form of informal reward that a manager may give when exercising leadership?
praise
During her performance appraisal, Ozlem's manager suggested she consider a transfer to another department. She told her manager she enjoys her current job and the people she works with. Ozlem's manager explained that if Ozlem were to transfer, she would likely be considered for project management positions within a year, a great benefit to her career. What did Ozlem's manager use to help her see the benefits of this new position?
rational persuasion
When followers react favorably because they identify in some way with a leader, the leader is said to possess ____ power.
referent
Which type of power is primarily based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma?
referent
Which leadership style identified by Fiedler is analogous to the employee-centered and initiating-structure behaviors of the Michigan and Ohio State studies?
relationship oriented
The concept of substitutes for leadership suggests that a need for independence is which type of characteristic that might neutralize leader behavior?
subordinate
Petra knows what is expected of her at work, and she has procedures and precedents to rely on when she is uncertain. Which of the following does Petra experience a high degree of?
task structure
Dane has been appointed leader of a project task force. He has legitimate power in this position. The task is unstructured. Also, Dane has weak leader-member relations. According to Fiedler's LPC theory, what type of leadership style is appropriate in this situation?
task-oriented
A theory of leadership which suggests that the appropriate style of leadership varies with situational favorableness is ____.
the least-preferred coworker theory
Recently identified keys to successful leadership such as trusting one's subordinates, developing a vision, and simplifying things are consistent with the premises underlying ____ leadership.
transformational
