Chapter 16 Practice Questions

Over time, which of the following has happened to Niagara falls? a. They have migrated several kilometers upstream b. They have migrated several kilometers downstream c. They have drained away most of Lake Ontario's water d. They have become rapids e. They have evolved into the worlds most famous example of stream capture

They have migrated several kilometers upstream

Rivers downcutting into a land surface, in the absence of other forces, usually trend to erode a ___ shaped form. a. V b. U c. delta d. flat bottom e. groove

V

Niagara falls is a large waterfall on a river, so it can be considered as an example of a. a rill b. lateral erosion c. a watergap d. a knickpoint e. stream capture

a knickpoint

The final result of the classical theory of the geomorphic cycle concept is a. maturity b. old age c. youth d. initial surface e. a peneplain

a peneplain

The eventual result of ____ is to reduce almost all stream carried debris to very small silt particles a. abrasion b. sheet erosion c. rill erosion d. precipitation e. splash erosion

abrasion

Niagara falls were formed a. during Precambrian times, approximately a billion years ago b. so long ago that the river's knickpoint is now gone c. after a series of spectacular earthquakes which are still helping the falls evolve d. by humans as a result of the damming of the St. Lawrence river e. after the retreat of the pleistocene ice sheets a few thousand years ago

after the retreat of the pleistocene ice sheets a few thousand years ago

Which of the following is closely associated with the former position of a river channel? a. cut off meanders b. meander scars c. ox bow lakes d. ox bow swamps e. all of the above

all of the above

The general term applied to stream deposited debris is a. refuse b. alluvium c. bedload d. discharge e. capacity

alluvium

An imaginary surface extending beneath the continents which limits how deep streams may cut is a. grade b. a trellis c. traction d. a knick point e. base level

base level

Marking the outer edge of floodplains are landforms called a. meanders b. mesas c. ox-bow lakes d. levees e. bluffs

bluffs

_____ is a measure of the particle size a stream can transport a. competence b. equilibrium c. capacity d. gradient e. force

competence

The chemical erosion of stream channels is known as a. erosion b. turbulence c. competence d. abrasion e. corrosion

corrosion

This drainage pattern looks like the veins on the underside of a leaf. a. trellis b. dendritic c. centripetal d. radial e. annular

dendritic

As a stream related measure, competence is expressed as a a. velocity (meters per second) b. discharge (cubic meters per second) c. gradient (meters per kilometer) d. diameter (millimeters) E. time (seconds)

diameter

The total volume of flow in streams is termed a. the interfluve b. overland flow c. turbulence d. the delta coefficient e. discharge

discharge

Branching channels that cross a delta are know as a. graded streams b. third order streams c. youthful streams d. tributaries e. distributaries

distributaries

Which of the below is the major concept to which all the others are part of? a. drainage basin b. valleyside c. valley bottom d. interfluve E. drainage divide

drainage basin

When a meandering stream is incised into a gradually rising crust or bedrock, the result is a. entrenched meander b. peneplain c. cut off d. delayed tributary junction e. stream terrace

entrenched meander

The detachment and removal of fragmented rock material is known as a. diastrophism b. sedimentation c. leeching d. regolith stripping e. erosion

erosion

______ is the counterpart of "scouring"? a. erosion b. filling c. turbulence d. corrosion e. degradation

filling

In the system of stream orders, the smallest unit in the network is at the a. fourth order b. a variable number c. second order d. first order e. third order

first order

Running water is referred to as a ____ process in terms of being a land form creator. a. weak b. insignificant c. fluvial d. localized e. aeolian

fluvial

Davision theory is usually referred to as the a. equilibrium theory b. geomorphic cycle c. rejuvenation theory d. idea of concave slopes e. stream development theorem

geomorphic cycle

The land separating adjoining valleys is known as a. gulley b. levee c. interfluve d. valleyside e. rill

interfluve

Streams which flow for only part of the year are a. antecedent b. dry c. superimposed d. consequent e. intermittent

intermittent

Splash erosion ____ a. blasts fine soil particles upward and outward b. is sometimes minimal because of vegetation c. moves eroded particles downhill d. moves eroded particles uphill e. is described by all of the above

is described by all of the above

Which of the following correctly describes a stream capacity? a. it varies tremendously from time to time b. it depends mostly on fluctuations in the volume and velocity of flow c. it is defined as a volume of sediment passing a given point during a given time d. it is the potential load a stream can transport e. it is correctly described by all of the above

it is correctly described by all of the above

A _____ develops along a stream bed containing bedrock of differential resistance a. fault b. scree c. knickpoint d. distributary e. water gap

knickpoint

Death valley is below sea level. Therefore, in Death Valley, base level is ______ ultimate base level. a. not related to b. equal to c. lower than d. higher than e. unchanging with respect to

lower than

Flow in a stream is usually fastest a. near the center and slightly below the surface b. near the mouth c. during low flow conditions d. near the bottom e. near the sides

near the center and slightly below the surface

On a meandering stream, maximum erosion takes place along the a. places with the slowest flow b. bottom c. outer edge of the meanders d. islands e. inner edge of the meanders

outer edge of the meanders

A typical drainage pattern on conic volcanic mountains would be a. sentripetal b. dendritic c. antecedent d. trellis e. radial

radial

In terms of erosion, a gulley is a larger example of a feature called a. dendritic pattern b. alluvial fan c. radial d. rill e. interfluve

rill

An ox bow lake was formerly a a. knickpoint b. natural levy c. marsh d. stream terrace e. river meander

river meander

The process in which small particles are moved along by streamflow or wind in a series of jumps or bounces is a. traction b. base level c. saltation d. turbulence e. meandering

saltation

The direct collision of a raindrop with the ground, laterally shifting fine particles a fews millimeters, is a. splash erosion b. valley cutting c. rill formation d. peds pushing e. plucking

splash erosion

Uplift and rejuvenation are indicated by the presence of landforms known as a. meanders b. peneplains c. V shaped valleys d. flood plains e. stream terraces

stream terraces

The elevation limit of a stream downcutting in a landmass is called a. meandering b. base level c. talus d. ground 0 e. a drainage anomaly

talus

Downcutting is usually most prominent along the ____ part of a stream valley a. upper b.delta c. interfluve d. lower e. none of the above

upper

The existence of a stream terrace is sure evidence of a. entrenched meanders b. delayed tributary junction c. rejuvenation d. knickpoint e. volcanic activity

volcanic activity

Surface indicators of turbulence in stream flows include eddies and a. whirlpools b. fluvial processes c. dissolved load d. braided streams e. meandering

whirlpools

A steep walled defile with a v shaped profile and narrow valley floor would, according to the geomorphic cycle, be ing the___ stage. a. mature b. old age c. equilibrium d. peneplain e. youthful

youthful