Chapter 17 - Respiratory Emergencies

Cor pulmonale is defined as: A) increased preload caused by severe hypertension. B) left-sided heart failure secondary to mitral valve damage. C) rupture of the alveoli due to increased surface tension. D) right-sided heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease.

D) right-sided heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease.

What type of medication can cause thick sputum? A) Diuretic B) Antibiotic C) Antipyretic D) Antihistamine

D) Antihistamine

The most common complaint in patients with a respiratory disease is: A) aphasia. B) dysarthria. C) apnea. D) dyspnea.

D) dyspnea.

Blood-tinged sputum can be caused by: A) dehydration. B) bronchitis. C) antihistamine use. D) heart failure.

D) heart failure.

Difficulty with exhalation is most characteristic of: A) supraglottic swelling. B) upper airway obstruction. C) acute pulmonary edema. D) obstructive lung disease.

D) obstructive lung disease.

Quiet tachypnea suggests possible: A) shock. B) pneumonia. C) pneumothorax. D) bronchospasm.

A) shock.

You should reserve oxygen concentrations higher than which percentage for patients with hypoxia who do not respond to lower concentrations? A) 50% B) 60% C) 70% D) 80%

A) 50%

Polycythemia is a condition in which: A) excess red blood cells are produced in response to chronic hypoxia. B) an abundance of red blood cells causes severe thinning of the blood. C) fewer red blood cells are produced, resulting in decreased oxygenation. D) increased platelet production causes the blood to become abnormally thick.

A) excess red blood cells are produced in response to chronic hypoxia.

The body's immediate response to mild hypoxemia is: A) increased heart rate. B) ventricular tachycardia. C) low blood pressure. D) changes in fluid balance.

A) increased heart rate.

A patient with orthopnea: A) seeks a sitting position when short of breath. B) is awakened from sleep with severe dyspnea. C) prefers to lie flat in order to facilitate breathing. D) generally has a slow, shallow respiratory pattern.

A) seeks a sitting position when short of breath.

To generate the optimal particle size, most nebulizers need to have a gas flow of at least: A) 3 L/min. B) 6 L/min. C) 10 L/min. D) 15 L/min.

B) 6 L/min.

What type of medication is montelukast (Singulair)? A) Selective beta-2 agonist B) Leukotriene blocker C) Corticosteroid D) Glucocorticoid

B) Leukotriene blocker

The main stem bronchus ends at the level of the: A) lobar bronchi. B) bronchioles. C) segmental bronchi. D) subsegmental bronchi.

B) bronchioles.

A patient's peripheral pulses become extremely weak during inhalation. This is called: A) reflex hypotension. B) pulsus paradoxus. C) electrical alternans. D) vagal influence.

B) pulsus paradoxus.

Why are children more prone to croup when they acquire a viral infection than adults infected with the same virus? A) Children's immune systems are not as developed as those of adults, so they are more prone to infection. B) Adults were vaccinated against the virus that causes croup, whereas most children were not. C) A child's airway is narrower than an adult's, and even minor swelling can result in obstruction. D) The virus that causes croup replicates far more aggressively in children than it does in adults.

C) A child's airway is narrower than an adult's, and even minor swelling can result in obstruction.

A patient presents with a barrel chest, muscle wasting, and pursed-lip breathing. These symptoms are a sign of which condition? A) Asthma B) Heart failure C) Emphysema D) Chronic bronchitis

C) Emphysema

Which medication causes smooth muscle relaxation and is used to treat severe asthma? A) Leukotriene blockers B) Morphine sulfate C) IV magnesium sulfate D) Nitroglycerin

C) IV magnesium sulfate

A person who experiences sharp chest pain followed by increasing dyspnea after coughing likely has: A) pleurisy. B) a pleural effusion. C) a pneumothorax. D) acute pneumonia.

C) a pneumothorax.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may be a sign of: A) acute bronchospasm. B) anaphylaxis. C) left-side heart failure. D) pulmonary embolism.

C) left-side heart failure.

Patients with pneumonia often experience a coughing fit when they roll from one side to the other because: A) movement loosens pulmonary secretions and stimulates coughing. B) most cases of pneumonia occur in conjunction with bronchospasm. C) the secretions in their lungs suddenly disperse and impair breathing. D) pneumonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side.

D) pneumonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side.