Chapter 18: Blood

In the differentiating cell line that leads to neutrophils, which of the following events occurs? A) The nucleus assumes a band shape. B) Hemoglobin accumulates in the cytoplasm. C) Metamyelocytes become myeloblasts. D) The cells temporarily have the specific granules of eosinophils.

A) The nucleus assumes a band shape.

Most abundant formed element. A) erythrocyte B) myeloid C) eosinophil D) monocyte E) basophil

A) erythrocyte

Reticulocytes are precursors to mature A) erythrocytes. B) lymphocytes. C) neutrophils. D) basophils.

A) erythrocytes.

Which of the following is not a committed cell in a blood cell line? A) hemapoietic stem cell B) proerythroblast C) myeloblast D) megakaryoblast

A) hemapoietic stem cell

Fraction of blood comprised by erythrocytes. A) hematocrit B) buffy coat C) serum D) albumin E) myeloid

A) hematocrit

Which of the following is not phagocytic? A) lymphocyte B) neutrophil C) eosinophil D) basophil

A) lymphocyte

Giant cells located just outside of marrow sinusoids are called A) megakaryocytes. B) monoblasts. C) myeloblasts. D) reticulocytes.

A) megakaryocytes.

Parent cell that transforms into a macrophage. A) monocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) neutrophil E) basophil

A) monocyte

Which of the following cells develop into macrophages? A) monocytes B) neutrophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes

A) monocytes

The most abundant white blood cell type is the A) neutrophil. B) monocyte. C) eosinophil. D) lymphocyte.

A) neutrophil.

Which of the following precursors of erythrocytes are in their proper order, from least to most differentiated? A) proerythroblast, normocyte, reticulocyte B) erythroblast, reticulocyte, normocyte C) normocyte, proerythroblast, erythrocyte D) reticulocyte, normocyte, erythroblast

A) proerythroblast, normocyte, reticulocyte

Which cells fight infection by producing antibodies? A) T lymphocytes B) B lymphocytes C) plasma cells D) eosinophils

B) B lymphocytes

The blood's globulins include A) albumin. B) antibodies. C) fibrinogen. D) hemoglobin.

B) antibodies.

Which white blood cells contain granules of histamine? A) eosinophils B) basophils C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes

B) basophils

T cells function to A) produce antibodies. B) destroy body cells infected with viruses. C) respond primarily to bacteria and bacterial toxins in body fluids. D) phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes.

B) destroy body cells infected with viruses.

Which of the following groups of cells are most structurally related? A) basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes B) eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils C) lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and basophils D) monocytes, platelets, and macrophages

B) eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils

Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of A) neutrophils. B) erythrocytes. C) platelets. D) plasma.

B) erythrocytes.

The most common formed elements in the blood are A) leukocytes. B) erythrocytes. C) platelets. D) macrophages.

B) erythrocytes.

In adults, blood cells are manufactured in the marrow of all of the following bones except the A) pelvis. B) forearm bones (radius and ulna). C) clavicle. D) sternum.

B) forearm bones (radius and ulna).

Megakaryocytes A) circulate freely in the blood. B) give rise to platelets. C) are small compared to erythrocytes. D) are phagocytic.

B) give rise to platelets.

Which of the following organs does not form blood cells in the fetus? A) liver B) lung C) spleen D) yolk sac

B) lung

Produces antibodies. A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) neutrophil E) basophil

B) lymphocyte

Stem cell from which eosinophils and basophils develop. A) erythrocyte B) myeloid C) eosinophil D) monocyte E) basophil

B) myeloid

All of the following cell types are derived from the same precursor cell that generates neutrophils except the A) blood stem cell. B) plasma cell. C) myeloblast. D) myelocyte.

B) plasma cell.

Together, leukocytes and platelets constitute roughly which percentage of whole blood volume? A) 45% B) 55% C) 1% D) 10%

C) 1%

An average female has approximately ________ of blood. A) 0.5 liter B) 1 liter C) 4 liters D) 8 liters

C) 4 liters

The percentage of erythrocytes in a normal volume of blood is about A) 10%. B) 30%. C) 45%. D) 90%.

C) 45%.

________ is a condition in which the blood's capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished. A) Polycythemia B) Thrombocytopenia C) Anemia D) Leukemia

C) Anemia

The unusual shape of the erythrocyte can be explained by which of the following? A) It is the best shape for a cell that must pass through narrow capillaries. B) It allows each cell to hold a maximum amount of hemoglobin. C) It increases surface area for respiratory exchange across the plasma membrane. D) It reflects the fact that erythrocytes are degenerating.

C) It increases surface area for respiratory exchange across the plasma membrane.

The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is A) an eosinophil. B) a basophil. C) an erythrocyte. D) a lymphocyte.

C) an erythrocyte.

The least abundant white blood cell type is the A) monocyte. B) eosinophil. C) basophil. D) lymphocyte.

C) basophil.

Seen in abundance during parasitic infection. A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) neutrophil E) basophil

C) eosinophil

The blood cell whose nucleus often resembles a telephone receiver is the A) erythrocyte. B) basophil. C) eosinophil. D) lymphocyte.

C) eosinophil.

Which of the following is the correct ranking of formed elements of blood by longevity (life span), from longest-lived to shortest-lived? A) neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes B) basophils, erythrocytes, eosinophils C) erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils D) monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes

C) erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils

A plasma protein involved in blood clotting is A) a platelet. B) globulin. C) fibrin (and fibrinogen). D) albumin.

C) fibrin (and fibrinogen).

An eosinophil can be distinguished from a basophil because the eosinophil A) has a lobed (versus nonlobed) nucleus. B) contains cytoplasmic granules. C) has pink (versus dark purple) granules. D) is smaller.

C) has pink (versus dark purple) granules.

The precursors of neutrophils, listed in their proper order from the least to the most differentiated cells, are: A) band cell, myeloblast, and myelocyte. B) metamyelocyte, myeloblast, and neutrophil. C) myeloblast, metamyelocyte, and band cell. D) metamyelocyte, neutrophil, and band cell.

C) myeloblast, metamyelocyte, and band cell.

Leukocytes, ordered from most to least abundant, are the A) basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. B) basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. C) neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. D) neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes.

C) neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

The functions of platelets include all of the following except A) secretion of chemicals that call more platelets to the site of injury. B) formation of a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels. C) release of chemical signals that trigger the immune response. D) release of molecules that initiate clotting.

C) release of chemical signals that trigger the immune response.

Young erythrocyte. A) myeloid B) eosinophil C) reticulocyte D) lymphoid E) lymphocyte

C) reticulocyte

Plasma minus clotting factors. A) hematocrit B) buffy coat C) serum D) albumin E) myeloid

C) serum

Diapedesis is A) the process by which eosinophils attack worms. B) the ingestion of bacteria by macrophages. C) the exit of leukocytes from capillaries. D) amoeboid motion.

C) the exit of leukocytes from capillaries.

What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus? A) One occurs in the bloodstream, whereas the other occurs outside the bloodstream. B) One occurs in arteries, the other in veins. C) One is a blood clot, whereas the other is a parasitic worm. D) A thrombus must travel to become an embolus.

D) A thrombus must travel to become an embolus.

Which of the following statements concerning the various leukocytes is false? A) All perform diapedesis. B) All are active in connective tissues but not in blood. C) All fight disease. D) All have distorted, lobed nuclei.

D) All have distorted, lobed nuclei.

What is the anatomical difference between T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes? A) T cells are larger. B) B cells are larger. C) B cells have a darker-staining nucleus. D) They are structurally identical.

D) They are structurally identical.

Blood protein that contributes osmotic pressure, keeping water from leaking out of the vessels. A) hematocrit B) buffy coat C) serum D) albumin E) myeloid

D) albumin

Hemopoiesis is A) different from hematopoiesis. B) a disease of erythrocytes. C) a stain for blood smears. D) blood cell production.

D) blood cell production.

The defining characteristic of a reticulocyte in the blood is A) collagen (reticular) fibers. B) dark-staining nucleus. C) numerous endocytic vesicles. D) dark staining masses that represent degrading ribosomes.

D) dark staining masses that represent degrading ribosomes.

What type of white blood cell increases dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions? A) neutrophil B) monocyte C) basophil D) eosinophil

D) eosinophil

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria? A) neutrophils B) platelets C) basophils D) erythrocytes

D) erythrocytes

Yellow bone marrow gets its color from A) the bone trabeculae in the center of this colorless marrow. B) the early stages of red blood cells being made there. C) low densities of red blood cells. D) fat cells.

D) fat cells.

In the cell line that forms erythrocytes in red bone marrow, all of the following occur except that A) the cytoplasm goes from basophilic (blue-staining) to eosinophilic (pink-staining). B) the nucleus is lost. C) hemoglobin accumulates in the cells. D) lysosome-like granules accumulate.

D) lysosome-like granules accumulate.

Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria. A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) neutrophil E) basophil

D) neutrophil

In the body, erythrocytes are red because of the oxidized iron they contain. In stained blood smears, erythrocytes are A) also red from iron. B) light blue from methylene blue. C) purple from hematoxylin stain. D) pink from eosin.

D) pink from eosin.

When centrifuged, blood separates into the following sequence of layers, from lightest to heaviest: A) buffy coat, hematocrit, plasma. B) buffy coat, plasma, hematocrit. C) hematocrit, plasma, buffy coat. D) plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit.

D) plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit.

Along with leukocytes, these contribute less than 1% of whole blood. A) reticulocytes B) erythrocytes C) albumin D) platelets E) lymphocytes

D) platelets

B cells fight infections by A) acting as killer cells. B) engulfing foreign pathogens. C) killing off body cells. D) producing antibodies.

D) producing antibodies.

Which type of connective tissue occurs in the bone marrow cavity? A) cartilage B) loose areolar C) dense irregular D) reticular

D) reticular

Which of the following does not remain in red bone marrow after hematopoiesis? A) lymphoid stem cells B) fat cells C) myeloid stem cells D) reticulocytes

D) reticulocytes

Cell mediator of inflammation. A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) neutrophil E) basophil

E) basophil

Cell containing a large, dark purple-staining spherical nucleus that almost completely fills the cell volume. A) myeloid B) eosinophil C) reticulocyte D) lymphoid E) lymphocyte

E) lymphocyte

Cell fragments, also called thrombocytes, involved in clotting. A) basophils B) globulins C) fibrinogen D) albumin E) platelets

E) platelets

B lymphocytes attach to non-self cells and cause them to lyse.

False

Blood serum is plasma from which albumin has been removed.

False

In adults, red bone marrow occurs in the skull, girdles, and diaphysis of the long bones.

False

Leukocytes function primarily within the bloodstream.

False

The least abundant type of leukocyte is the monocyte.

False

The reticulocytes secrete the reticular fiber network of bone marrow.

False

All granulocytes have lobed nuclei and are phagocytic in function.

True

Elevated numbers of band cells in differential WBC counts is considered an indicator of infection.

True

Erythrocytes and neutrophils both arise from myeloid stem cells.

True

Erythrocytes eject their nuclei and other organelles prior to maturity.

True

Hematocrit is the percentage of blood consisting of erythrocytes.

True

Mast cells and basophils both release histamine at the site of inflammation.

True

Platelets are cell fragments arising from megakaryocytes located just outside the sinusoids.

True

The liver and spleen are the major blood-producing organs between the second and the seventh month of fetal development.

True

The most abundant type of leukocyte is the neutrophil.

True