Chapter 2

List the four properties of muscle tissue:

1. elasticity 2. extensibility 3. contractility 4. irritability

The angle of pull is maximum at:

90 degrees

Antagonist muscles are known as primary or prime movers or muscles most involved in a joint action.

False

Which of the following is a proprioceptor associated with muscle tissue?

Golgi Tendon Organ

All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic.

True

Each muscle in the human body may be innervated by a single nerve or by multiple nerves.

True

Generally, as a muscle gets longer, its ability to exert force increases.

True

Isotonic contractions are described as either concentric or eccentric on basis of whether shortening or lengthening of the muscle occurs.

True

Joint movement may occur without any muscle contraction.

True

Skeletal muscles are responsible for movements of the body as a whole and movement within each of the joints of the body.

True

The conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space is kinesthesis.

True

The term "action" refers to a specific movement of a joint that occurs as a result from a concentric muscle contraction.

True

The term "innervation" is used to describe a segment of nervous system and is defined as being responsible for a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle.

True

The term "intrinsic" usually pertains to muscles within or belonging solely to the body part upon which they act.

True

The term "isokinetics" describes a type of dynamic exercise that uses concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions.

True

There are two major types of fiber arrangements which are parallel and pennate.

True

Two different muscles may contract simultaneously at a joint and cause a motion that neither would cause if contracting alone.

True

When antagonist muscles contract concentrically they perform the opposite joint motion of the agonist muscle.

True

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding isokinetic exercise? a. the speed of velocity of movement is constant. b. muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement c. is not another type or classification of muscle contraction d. can only be performed on machines such as Biodex, Cybex, and Lido

b. muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement

Which of the following is not a shape by which muscles are categorized? a. sphincter b. radial c. strap d. fusiform

b. radial

Which of the following is an example of a fusiform muscle?

biceps brachii & brachialis

Which of the following is affected by the shape and size of a muscle?

c. ability of a muscle to produce force

Which of the following is not true with respect to an isometric muscle contraction? a. tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant b. considered to be a static contraction c. is considered to be a dynamic contraction d. joint angle may be maintained in a relatively stable position

c. is considered to be a dynamic contraction

Which of the following is not a classification of a neuron type? a. sensory b. motor c. peripheral d. interneuron

c. peripheral

The pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement may be classified by the following terms except? a. unipennate b. bipennate c. tripennate d. multipennate

c. tripennate

An agonist is a muscle or a muscle group which:

cause joint motion through a specified plane of motion.

Which of the following is not a property of skeletal muscle tissue that allows for force production and movement about joints?

constrict ability

Which of the following is true regarding concentric muscle contractions?

contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance.

Muscles provide all of the following except: a. protection b. posture and support c. produce a major portion of total body heat d. attachment points for other muscles

d. attachment points for other muscles

Which of the following is not true regarding concentric muscle contractions? a. a muscle develops active tension as it shortens b. contractions occur when the muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance c. contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance d. commonly described as being a negative type of contraction

d. commonly described as being a negative type of contraction

Which of the following do not result in the contraction of the muscle fibers in a particular motor unit? a. maximal stimulus b. submaximal simulus c. threshold stimulus d. subthreshold stimulus

d. subthreshold stimulus

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding antagonist muscles? a. muscle is typically located on opposite side of the joint from agonist b. when activated these muscles have the opposite concentric action c. also known as contralateral muscles d. these muscles work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement

d. these muscles work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement

Which of the following is an example of a multipennate muscle:

deltoid

Which of the following is true about isometric contraction:

it prevents external forces from causing movements.

_______ occurs when an antagonist muscle becomes stretched to a point at which it can no longer lengthen and allow movement.

passive insufficiency

The subconscious mechanism by which the body is able to regulate posture and movement is _____.

proprioception.

Origin of the muscles is also known as the:

proximal attachment of the muscles.

Golgi Tendon Organs are located in:

tendons

Which of the following is true regarding agonist muscles?

Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically

Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated.

False

Eccentric muscle "actions" results from isometric muscle contractions.

False

Fusiform muscle fiber arrangement results in a circular pattern.

False

Isokinetic muscle contractions involve a dynamic movement wherein the speed of movement is variable.

False

It is not possible for a muscle to cause more than one action in an associated joint.

False

The more sudden the activation of a myotatic reflex, the less significant the reflexive contraction.

False

The shape and arrangement of muscle fibers affect the muscle's ability to relax.

False

The synergist muscle of an activity is considered to be the primary mover.

False

The term "extensibility" refers to the ability of a muscle to return to its original length following stretching.

False

Eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening.

False - the other way around

The function of muscle spindle is:

Initiate rapid contraction of stretched muscle

Which of the following is a true statement regarding synergist muscles?

Known as guiding muscles

Which of the following receptors is sensitive to muscle length changes?

Muscle spindle

Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the nervous system responsible for generating and transmitting nervous impulses?

Neuron

Which of the following statements is true regarding isometric muscle actions?

Tension is developed within a muscle but joint angles remain constant.

Which of the following is true regarding an eccentric muscle action?

The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance.

Reciprocal inhibition is when:

a contraction of the agonist will produce relaxation in the antagonist.

Muscles are usually named due to all of the following except: a. nerve b. shape c. size d. function

a. nerve

Which of the following is not true regarding an eccentric muscle action? a. typically called a positive type of muscle contraction b. the muscle lengthens under tension c. occurs when muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of resistance d. Weight or resistance overcomes muscle contraction but not to the point that muscle cannot control descending movement

a. typically called a positive type of muscle contraction

In concentric contraction, the movement is:

against gravity

Which of the following is a true statement regarding stabilizer muscles?

Are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements