Chapter 20 Prep-U hard questions, Maternity & Newborn

After teaching a group of nursing students about the impact of pregnancy on the older woman, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following? A) The majority of women who become pregnant over age 35 experience complications. B) Women over the age of 35 who become pregnant require a specialized type of assessment. C) Women over age 35 and are pregnant have an increased risk for spontaneous abortions. D) Women over age 35 are more likely to have substance abuse problems.

C) Women over age 35 and are pregnant have an increased risk for spontaneous abortions.

Many women develop iron-deficient anemia during pregnancy. What diagnostic criteria would the nurse monitor for to determine anemia in the pregnant woman? A. Blood pressure of 100/68 B. Heart rate of 84 C.Hemoglobin of 13 or lower D. Hematocrit of 32% or less

D R: Iron-deficiency anemia is diagnosed in a pregnant woman if the hematocrit is less that 33% or the hemoglobin is less than 11 g/dL. Tachycardia, hypotension and tachypnea are all symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia but are not diagnostic criteria.

A 10-week pregnant woman with diabetes has a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C. level of 13%. At this time the nurse should be most concerned about which of the following possible fetal outcomes? A)Congenital anomalies B)Incompetent cervix C)Placenta previa D)Abruptio placentae

A)Congenital anomalies

A pregnant woman in her 39th week of pregnancy presents to the clinic with a vaginal infection. She tests positive for chlamydia. What would this disease make her infant at risk for? A. blindness B. neonatal laryngeal papillomas C.deafness D. chicken pox

A R:A pregnant woman who contracts chlamydia is at increased risk for spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), preterm rupture of membranes, and preterm labor. The postpartum woman is at higher risk for endometritis (Fletcher & Ball, 2006). The fetus can encounter bacteria in the vagina during the birth process. If this happens, the newborn can develop pneumonia or conjunctivitis that can lead to blindness.

A nurse is conducting a class on gestational diabetes for a group of pregnant women who are at risk for the condition. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the class identifies which complication as affecting the neonate? A. hyperglycemia B. birth trauma C. hypoglycemia D. macrosomia

A R:Gestational diabetes is associated with either neonatal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and birth trauma or maternal complications such as preeclampsia and cesarean birth.

When teaching a class of pregnant women about the effects of substance abuse during pregnancy, which of the following would the nurse most likely include? A)Low-birth-weight infants B)Excessive weight gain C)Higher pain tolerance D)Longer gestational periods

A)Low-birth-weight infants

Because a pregnant clients diabetes has been poorly controlled throughout her pregnancy, the nurse would be alert for which of the following in the neonate at birth? A)Macrosomia B)Hyperglycemia C)Low birth weight D)Hypobilirubinemia

A)Macrosomia

A pregnant client has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which are risk factors for developing gestational diabetes? Select all that apply. A. previous large for gestational age (LGA) infant B. hypertension C. maternal age less than 18 years D. obesity E. genitourinary tract abnormalities

A,B,D R: Obesity, hypertension, and a previous infant weighing more than 9 lb (4 kg) are risk factors for developing gestational diabetes. Maternal age less than 18 years and genitourinary tract abnormalities do not increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes.

A woman who immigrated here from a third world country presents to the clinic to find out if she is pregnant. Which signs and/or symptoms would the nurse assess as possible indicators that she might have an active case of tuberculosis as well? Select all that apply. A. anorexia B. hemoptysis C. weight gain D. night sweats E. fatigue

A,B,D,E Women emigrating from developing countries are at high risk for tuberculosis. Clinical manifestations include fatigue, fever or night sweats, nonproductive cough, weakness, slow weight loss, anemia, hemoptysis, and anorexia.

Many women develop iron-deficient anemia during pregnancy. What diagnostic criteria would the nurse monitor for to determine anemia in the pregnant woman? A. Hemoglobin of 13 or lower B. Heart rate of 84 C. Hematocrit of 32% or less D. Blood pressure of 100/68

C R:Iron-deficiency anemia is diagnosed in a pregnant woman if the hematocrit is less that 33% or the hemoglobin is less than 11 g/dL. Tachycardia, hypotension and tachypnea are all symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia but are not diagnostic criteria.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of young adult pregnant women about common infections and their effect on pregnancy. When describing the infections, which infection would the nurse include as the most common congenital and perinatal viral infection in the world? A) Rubella B) Hepatitis B C) Cytomegalovirus D) Parvovirus B19

C) Cytomegalovirus

The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes about her diet during pregnancy. Which client statement indicates that the nurses teaching was successful? A)I'll basically follow the same diet that I was following before I became pregnant. B)Because I need extra protein, I'll have to increase my intake of milk and meat. C)Pregnancy affects insulin production, so I'll need to make adjustments in my diet. D)I'll adjust my diet and insulin based on the results of my urine tests for glucose.

C)Pregnancy affects insulin production, so I'll need to make adjustments in my diet.

Which medication would the nurse question if ordered to control a pregnant woman's asthma? A) Budesonide B) Albuterol C) Salmeterol D) Oral prednisone

D) Oral prednisone

A nurse is counseling a pregnant woman with rheumatoid arthritis about medications that can be used during pregnancy. Which drug would the nurse emphasize as being contraindicated at this time? A) Hydroxychloroquine B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug C) Glucocorticoid D) Methotrexate

D) Methotrexate

A pregnant woman with gestational diabetes comes to the clinic for a fasting blood glucose level. When reviewing the results, the nurse determines that which result indicates good glucose control? A) 90 mg/dL B) 100 mg/dL C) 110 mg /dL D) 120 mg/dL

A) 90 mg/dL

After teaching a pregnant woman with iron deficiency anemia about nutrition, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the woman identifies which of the following as being good sources of iron in her diet? (Select all that apply.) A) Dried fruits B) Peanut butter C) Meats D) Milk E) White bread

A) Dried fruits B) Peanut butter C) Meats

A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which of the following would the nurse most likely include? A) Frequent handwashing B) Immunization C) Prenatal screening D) Antibody titer screening

A) Frequent handwashing

A woman with diabetes is in labor. To reduce the likelihood of neonatal hypoglycemia, the nurse monitors the client's blood glucose level closely with the goal to maintain which level? A. below 110 mg/dL B. below 115 mg/dL C. below 105 mg/dL D. below 120 mg/dL

A R: For the laboring woman with diabetes, the blood glucose levels are monitored every 1 to 2 hours with the goal to maintain the levels below 110 mg/dL throughout the labor to reduce the likelihood of neonatal hypoglycemia. If necessary, an infusion of regular insulin may be given to maintain this level.

A pregnant client with diabetes in the hospital reports waking up with shakiness and diaphoresis. Which action should the nurse prioritize after discovering the client's fasting blood sugar is 60 mg/dL? A. Provide the client some milk to drink. B. Withhold her insulin, and notify the health care provider. C. Stay with her, and ask another nurse to bring her insulin. D. Recheck her blood sugar for accuracy.

A R: The client is hypoglycemic when awakening in the morning. The nurse should provide glucose in the form of carbohydrate, such as crackers, and milk, and be prepared to reassess. The nurse should not recheck at this point, since the client is symptomatic. She does not need insulin, and she will have her morning dose adjusted after breakfast.

A pregnant woman tests positive for HBV. Which of the following would the nurse expect to administer? A) HBV immune globulin B) HBV vaccine C) Acylcovir D) Valacyclovir

A) HBV immune globulin

A nurse has been invited to speak at a local high school about adolescent pregnancy. When developing the presentation, the nurse would incorporate information related to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A) Peer pressure to become sexually active B) Rise in teen birth rates over the years. C) Latinas as having the highest teen birth rate D) Loss of self-esteem as a major impact E) Majority of teen pregnancies in the 1517-year-old age group

A) Peer pressure to become sexually active C) Latinas as having the highest teen birth rate D) Loss of self-esteem as a major impact

After teaching a group of students about the use of antiretroviral agents in pregnant women who are HIV- positive, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which of the following as the underlying rationale? A)Reduction in viral loads in the blood B)Treatment of opportunistic infections C)Adjunct therapy to radiation and chemotherapy D)Can cure acute HIV/AIDS infections

A)Reduction in viral loads in the blood

The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about how to prevent contracting cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy. What tips would the nurse share with this client? Select all that apply. A. Do not share food or drinks with young children, especially if they are in daycare. B. If you develop any flu-like symptoms, notify your physician immediately to be evaluated for CMV. C. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching saliva or urine. D. If you have CMV, it is suggested that you not breast-feed your infant. E. If you contract CMV, your doctor will give you some oral medicine to treat it.

A,B,C R: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a mild infection and women may not know they have contracted it. The problem arises when a pregnant woman contracts it during the first 20 weeks of gestation. Prevention is the key, so the nurse would reinforce handwashing, not eating or drinking from a container after a small child has done so, and notifying the physician if the client develops mild flu-like symptoms so she can be tested to rule out CMV.

A woman with known cardiac disease from childhood presents at the obstetrician's office 6 weeks' pregnant. What recommendations would the nurse make to the client to address the known cardiac problems for this pregnancy? Select all that apply. A. Plan periods of rest into the workday. B. Receive pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Continue taking the scheduled warfarin. C. Let the physician know if you become short of breath or have a nighttime cough. D. Increase the amount of sodium in your diet to compensate for the expanding fluid needs of the fetus.

A,B,C R: Women with known heart conditions need to be closely followed by both the obstetrician and a cardiologist. Recommendations would include rest periods, reduction of stress, getting immunizations, and monitoring for heart failure as demonstrated by a nighttime cough and shortness of breath. Consuming more sodium in the diet is not recommended due of the potential of developing hypertension. Warfarin is contraindicated during pregnancy since it crosses the placental barrier and can cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or preterm birth.

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who indicates that she is fond of meat, works with children, and has a pet cat. Which instructions should the nurse give this client to prevent toxoplasmosis? Select all that apply. A. Eat meat cooked to 160° F (71° C). B. Avoid cleaning the cat's litter box. C. Avoid contact with children when they have a cold. D. Avoid outdoor activities such as gardening. E. Keep the cat outdoors at all times.

A,B,D R:To minimize risk of toxoplasmosis, the nurse should instruct the client to eat meat that has been cooked to an internal temperature of 160° F (71° C) throughout and to avoid cleaning the cat's litter box or performing activities such as gardening. Avoiding children with colds is unreasonable when working with children, and contact with children with colds is not a cause of toxoplasmosis. The cat should be kept indoors to prevent it from hunting and eating birds or rodents.

The nurse is educating a client with type 1 diabetes about the complications associated with diabetes and pregnancy. Which problems would the nurse include in her teaching? Select all that apply. A. Decreased birth weight B. Polyhydramnios C. Increased risk of spontaneous abortion D. Hypertension E. Cystic fibrosis

A,B,D R:Women with pregestational diabetes, which is type 1 diabetes, are at a higher risk of having an infant with complications during the pregnancy and at delivery. Spontaneous abortion is higher in women who have pregestational diabetes. Also, they run a higher risk of having a pregnancy with polyhydramnios, and of developing maternal hypertension. The birth weight of an infant born to a mother with diabetes is increased, not decreased. Cystic fibrosis is not associated with maternal diabetes.

A nurse is caring for a client with cardiovascular disease who has just given birth. What nursing interventions should the nurse perform when caring for this client? Select all that apply. A. Assess for shortness of breath. B. Assess for edema and note any pitting. C. Monitor the client's hemoglobin and hematocrit. D. Auscultate heart sounds for abnormalities. E. Assess for a moist cough.

A,B,D,E R: The nurse should assess for possible fluid overload in a client with cardiovascular disease who has just given birth. Signs of fluid overload in the client who has just labored include cough, progressive dyspnea, edema, palpitations, and crackles in the lung bases. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are not affected by laboring of the client with cardiovascular disease.

A nurse is assessing a newborn and suspects that the mother may have abused alcohol during her pregnancy. The nurse suspect this based on which newborn findings? Select all that apply. A. small head circumference B. thin upper lip C. large inset eyes D. macrocephaly E. limb abnormality

A,B,E R: Characteristics of FASD include craniofacial dysmorphia (thin upper lip, small head circumference, and small eyes), IUGR, microcephaly, and congenital anomalies such as limb abnormalities and cardiac defects.

A nurse is conducting a class for a group of pregnant women about the risk of substance use during pregnancy. When discussing the effects of nicotine on a pregnancy, which complications would the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. premature rupture of membranes B. ectopic pregnancy C. macrosomia D. placenta previa E. spontaneous abortion

A,D,E R: Smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, tubal ectopic pregnancy, preterm labor and birth, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, premature rupture of membranes, low fetal iron stores, maternal hypertension, placenta previa, and abruptio placentae.

A group of nursing students are preparing a presentation for their class about measures to prevent toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would the students be least likely to include? Select all that apply. A) Washing raw fruits and vegetables before eating them B) Cooking all meat to an internal temperature of 140 F C) Wearing gardening gloves when working in the soil D) Avoiding contact with a cats litter box.

B) Cooking all meat to an internal temperature of 140 F

A group of students are reviewing information about sexually transmitted infections and their effect on pregnancy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which infection as being responsible for ophthalmia neonatorum? A) Syphilis B) Gonorrhea C) Chlamydia D) HPV

B) Gonorrhea

A neonate born to a mother who was abusing heroin is exhibiting signs and symptoms of withdrawal. Which of the following would the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) A) Low whimpering cry B) Hypertonicity C) Lethargy D) Excessive sneezing E) Overly vigorous sucking F) Tremors

B) Hypertonicity C) Lethargy D) Excessive sneezing

The nurse is providing care to a neonate whose mother abuses heroin. Which finding would the nurse expect to assess? A. easy consolability B. sneezing C. vigorous sucking D. hypotonicity

B

What criteria would the physician base his decision on to begin insulin therapy for a gestational diabetic mother? A. Urine is 2+ for glucose and serum blood glucose is 120. B. A 2-hour postprandial glucose level cannot be kept below 120 mg/dL. C. Weight gain is over 30 pounds (13.6 kg) and blood sugars are fluctuating between 95 and 130 throughout the day. D. Client cannot keep fasting blood sugar lower than 90 mg/dL.

B R:A physician usually recommends beginning a woman with gestational diabetes on insulin therapy when exercise and diet are ineffective and if she is unable to keep her fasting blood sugar levels below 95 mg/dL or her 2-hour postprandial glucose levels below 120 mg/dL.

A woman with diabetes is in labor. To reduce the likelihood of neonatal hypoglycemia, the nurse monitors the client's blood glucose level closely with the goal to maintain which level? A. below 105 mg/dL B. below 110 mg/dL C. below 120 mg/dL D. below 115 mg/dL

B R: For the laboring woman with diabetes, the blood glucose levels are monitored every 1 to 2 hours with the goal to maintain the levels below 110 mg/dL throughout the labor to reduce the likelihood of neonatal hypoglycemia. If necessary, an infusion of regular insulin may be given to maintain this level.

When preparing a schedule of follow-up visits for a pregnant woman with chronic hypertension, which of the following would be most appropriate? A) Monthly visits until 32 weeks, then bi-monthly visits B) Bi-monthly visits until 28 weeks, then weekly visits C) Monthly visits until 20 weeks, then bi-monthly visits D) Bi-monthly visits until 36 weeks, then weekly visits

B) Bi-monthly visits until 28 weeks, then weekly visits

The nurse is assessing a newborn of a woman who is suspected of abusing alcohol. Which newborn finding would provide additional evidence to support this suspicion? A) Wide large eyes B) Thin upper lip C) Protruding jaw D) Elongated nose

B) Thin upper lip

A nurse is developing a program for pregnant women with diabetes about reducing complications. Which factor would the nurse identify as being most important in helping to reduce the maternal/fetal/neonatal complications associated with pregnancy and diabetes? A)Stability of the woman's emotional and psychological status B)Degree of glycemic control achieved during the pregnancy C)Evaluation of retinopathy by an ophthalmologist D)Blood urea nitrogen level (BUN. within normal limits

B)Degree of glycemic control achieved during the pregnancy

The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman with iron deficiency anemia about foods high in iron. Which foods if selected by the woman indicate a successful teaching program? Select all that apply. A. potatoes B. broccoli C. peanut butter D. corn E. yogurt F. raisins

B,C,F R:Foods high in iron include dried fruits such as raisins, whole grains, green leafy vegetables such as broccoli and spinach, peanut butter, and iron-fortified cereals. Potatoes and corn are high in carbohydrates. Yogurt is a good source of calcium.

After teaching a pregnant woman with iron deficiency anemia about her prescribed iron supplement, which statement indicates successful teaching? A) I should take my iron with milk. B) I should avoid drinking orange juice. C) I need to eat foods high in fiber. D) I'll call the doctor if my stool is black and tarry.

C) I need to eat foods high in fiber.

The nurse is doing meal planning with a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia. What dietary recommendations would the nurse make to enhance the woman's intake of iron? Select all that apply. A. Since fortified cereals are a poor source of iron, eat eggs or pancakes for breakfast. B. Limit intake of dried fruits, eating only fresh fruit. C. Drink orange juice with the iron supplement. D. Cook food in an iron skillet, if possible. E. Increase intake of dried beans and green leafy vegetables.

C,D,E R:Dried fruits, fortified grains and cereals, and animal protein are all good sources of iron for a pregnant woman. Cooking in an iron skillet also will increase the amount of iron ingested. Vitamin C, like what is found in orange juice, enhances absorption of iron and is recommended to drink when taking iron supplements. Folate also increases the effectiveness of iron supplements; foods high in folate include green leafy vegetables, fortified grains and dried beans.

During a routine prenatal check up, the nurse interviews a pregnant client to identify possible risk factors for developing gestational diabetes. Which factor would the nurse identify as increasing the woman's risk? Select all that apply. A. younger maternal age at pregnancy B. previous birth of small for gestational age baby C. maternal obesity with body mass index more than 35 D. client of African-American lineage E. previous history of spontaneous abortion

C,E R:The risk factors for gestational diabetes include previous history of spontaneous abortion, maternal obesity with body mass index (BMI) more than 35, and client of a high-risk ethnic group such as Native American, Hispanic, Asian. The other risk factors for gestational diabetes are previous history of stillbirth, birth of large for gestational age infant, and advancing maternal age.

10.When assessing a pregnant woman with heart disease throughout the antepartal period, the nurse would be especially alert for signs and symptoms of cardiac decompensation at which time? A) 16 to 20 weeks gestation B) 20 to 24 weeks gestation C) 24 to 28 weeks gestation D) 28 to 32 weeks gestation

D) 28 to 32 weeks gestation

A nurse is providing care to several pregnant women at the clinic. The nurse would screen for group B streptococcus infection in a client at: A) 16 weeks gestation B) 28 week gestation C) 32 weeks gestation D) 36 weeks gestation

D) 36 weeks gestation

A pregnant woman asks the nurse, I'm a big coffee drinker. Will the caffeine in my coffee hurt my baby? Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) The caffeine in coffee has been linked to birth defects. B) Caffeine has been shown to cause growth restriction in the fetus. C) Caffeine is a stimulant and needs to be avoided completely. D) If you keep your intake to less than 300 mg/day, you should be okay.

D) If you keep your intake to less than 300 mg/day, you should be okay.

A woman with type 2 diabetes is considering becoming pregnant and asks the nurse whether she will be able to continue taking her current oral hypoglycemics. The nurse's response will point out which factor? A. are usually suggested primarily for women who develop gestational diabetes. B. can be taken until the degeneration of the placenta occurs. C. can be used as long as they control serum glucose levels. D. have been shown to be effective and safe in recent short term studies.

D R: Recent studies have examined the use of oral hypoglycemic medications in pregnancy with much success. Several studies have used glyburide with promising results. Many health care providers are using glyburide and metformin as an alternative to insulin therapy because they do not cross the placenta and therefore do not cause fetal/neonatal hypoglycemia. Some oral hypoglycemic medications are considered safe and may be used if nutrition and exercise are not adequate alone. Maternal and newborn outcomes are similar to those seen in women who are treated with insulin. Oral hypoglycemic agents, however, must be further investigated to determine their safety with confidence and provide better treatment options for diabetes in pregnancy. Currently, there is a growing acceptance of glyburide use as a primary therapy for gestational diabetes. Glyburide and metformin have also been found to be safe, effective, and economical for the treatment of gestational diabetes, although neither drug has been approved by the FDA for use in pregnancy.

The health care provider of a newly pregnant client determines the woman also has mitral stenosis and will need appropriate therapy. Which medication should the nurse prepare to teach this client to provide her with the best possible care? A. warfarin B. digoxin C. aspirin D. heparin

D This client has an increased risk for developing blood clots. If an anticoagulant is required, heparin is the drug of choice as it does not cross the placenta barrier. Warfarin crosses the placenta and may have teratogenic effects. Aspirin is not recommended in this situation. If digoxin is not used to prevent blood clots.

A client who is HIV-positive is in her second trimester and remains asymptomatic. She voices concern about her newborns risk for the infection. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be most appropriate? A)Youll probably have a cesarean birth to prevent exposing your newborn. B)Antibodies cross the placenta and provide immunity to the newborn. C)Wait until after the infant is born and then something can be done. D)Antiretroviral medications are available to help reduce the risk of transmission.

D)Antiretroviral medications are available to help reduce the risk of transmission.

Assessment of a pregnant woman and her fetus reveals tachycardia and hypertension. There is also evidence suggesting vasoconstriction. The nurse would question the woman about use of which substance? A)Marijuana B)Alcohol C)Heroin D)Cocaine

D)Cocaine

A woman with diabetes is considering becoming pregnant. She asks the nurse whether she will be able to take oral hypoglycemics when she is pregnant. The nurses response is based on the understanding that oral hypoglycemics: A)Can be used as long as they control serum glucose levels B)Can be taken until the degeneration of the placenta occurs C)Are usually suggested primarily for women who develop gestational diabetes D)Show promising results but more studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness

D)Show promising results but more studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness