Chapter 21

T/F To transcribe something is to make an identical copy, i.e., if the original is DNA, the transcribed copy is also DNA.

False

Which of the following is not a type of mRNA processing? 1. adding a cap 2. cleaving off the methionine 3. adding a tail 4. removing the introns 5. splicing

cleaving off the methionine

The 3-base sequence in a mRNA molecule is called a/an 1. codon. 2. transcriptome. 3. initiator. 4. mutation. 5. transposon.

codon

Which of the following is the monomer unit of DNA? 1. amino acids 2. fatty acids 3. nucleotides 4. carbohydrate rings 5. steroid rings

nucleotides

Which of the following are found within the monomer unit of DNA? 1. phosphate, nitrogen base 2. phosphate, amino acids 3. fatty acids, sugars 4. amino acids, nitrogen base 5. nitrogen base, fatty acid

phosphate, nitrogen base

Which of the following is not a type of small RNA? 1. snoRNAs 2. tRNA 3. snRNAs 4. miRNAs 5. siRNAs

tRNA

Which of the following is not an application of PCR? 1. study evolutionary history 2. study mummies 3. crime scene investigations 4. treat cancer 5. detect a genetic disorder

treat cancer

T/F Mitochondria also contain DNA.

true

T/F The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose while the sugar in RNA is ribose.

true

Place the following steps in order for the cloning of a gene. 1. DNA ligase seals foreign DNA into a plasmid. 2.A restriction enzyme is used to cleave DNA. 3. The bacterium makes a product. 4. Some of the bacterial cells take up a recombinant plasmid. 5. The plasmid replicates on its own.

2,1,4,5,3

When was the Human Genome Project completed?

2003

How many genes did researchers think the human genome contained? How many did it contain?

80,000; 20,500

How similar are our genomes to those of a mouse? 1. 1% 2. 10% 3. 35% 4. 85% 5. 99%

85%

How much of your DNA is identical to the person who sits next to you in biology class?

99.9%

The start codon for translation is a 1. UAG. 2. UAA. 3. AAA. 4. AUG. 5. AGU.

AUG

In what way are DNA and RNA similar? 1. Both contain C, A, and G. 2. Both contain deoxyribose. 3. Both contain U, C, and G. 4. Both are single stranded. 5. Both form a double helix.

Both contain C, A, and G.

What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new strand? 1. DNA polymerase 2. DNA helicase 3. DNA replicase 4. DNA ligase 5. DNA telomerase

DNA polymerase

Which of the following nucleotide sequences could give rise to the amino acid sequence alanine-asparatate-glycine? Assume that translation initiation has already occurred. 1. GUUAAGAGG 2. GCCGACGGC 3. CACCGCCGA 4. GAUGGUGCU 5. UUUUAAUGG

GCCGACGGC

If the codon is CCA, what is the anticodon and what amino acid will be inserted? 1. CCA, proline 2. GGU, proline 3. GGT, glycine 4. ACC, threonine 5. UGG, tryptophan

GGU, proline

Which of the following is not a requirement for the genetic material of the cell? 1. It must be able to replicate. 2. It must be able to store information. 3. It must be able to undergo mutations. 4. It must be able to change conformations. 5. It must be able to provide genetic variability.

It must be able to change conformations

What is the role of the enzyme ligase in DNA replication? 1. It unzips the double-stranded DNA. 2. It seals any breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone. 3. It breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of the DNA together. 4. It matches new bases to the old strand by complementary base pairing. 5. It folds the DNA into a coiled structure.

It seals any breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Which of the following statements about PCR is not true? 1. PCR stands for "polymerizing copies of RNA". 2. PCR can create millions of copies of a segment of DNA in a test tube. 3. PCR uses DNA polymerase. 4.The amount of DNA doubles with each replication cycle. 5. The target is repeatedly replicated.

PCR stands for "polymerizing copies of RNA".

Which of the following is not a level of regulation for gene expression? 1. Pretranscriptional 2. Transcriptional 3. Posttranscriptional 4. Pretranslational 5. Translational

Pretranslational

What enzyme is responsible for transcribing RNA? 1. helicase 2. DNA polymerase 3. RNA polymerase 4. ligase 5. protease

RNA polymerase

Which of the following would be an example of pretranscriptional control? 1. The chromosomes must decondense. 2. Transcription factors help initiate transcription. 3. The mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus. 4. The life expectancy of the mRNA molecules vary. 5. The polypeptide product is folded to form its functional conformation.

The chromosomes must decondense

Which of the following occurs during initiation of translation? 1. The ribosome moves down one codon so that the A site is available to receive an incoming tRNA. 2. The mRNA binds to the smaller of the two ribosomal subunits. 3. The polypeptide lengthens one amino acid at a time. 4. The ribosome dissociates into its two subunits and falls off the mRNA. 5. One of the three stop codons is reached.

The mRNA binds to the smaller of the two ribosomal subunits.

Which of the following is not true about the structure of DNA? 1. The sides of the ladder structure are made up of sugar and phosphate. 2. The bases form the "rungs" of the ladder structure. 3. The two strands are considered parallel. 4. The ladder structure is twisted into a double helix. 5. A always pairs with T and G always pairs with C.

The two strands are considered parallel.

Which of the following is not true regarding ribosomes? 1. They are composed of two subunits. 2. They contain both RNA and protein. 3. They contain an A site and a P site. 4. They translate RNA into protein. 5. They function within the nucleus.

They function within the nucleus.

Which of the following is not true about transcription factors? 1. Transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins. 2. Transcription factors are considered external cell regulators. 3. There are many different types of transcription factors. 4. Specialization of cells is determined/influenced by which transcription factors are active in the cell. 5. Genes code for transcription factors.

Transcription factors are considered external cell regulators.

T/F It only takes a matter of several hours to sequence 1000 base-pair sections of DNA

True

All of the RNAs 1. can be found in the ribosomes. 2. are translated into proteins. 3.are transcribed from DNA. 4. function within the nucleus. 5. interact with amino acids.

are transcribed from DNA.

Which of the following is not involved in gene cloning? 1. host cell 2. vector 3. restriction enzyme 4. dyes attached to nucleotides 5. "sticky" ends

dyes attached to nucleotides

T/F As the RNA is being made, it is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.

false

T/F Exons in mRNAs are excised and left in the nucleus.

false

T/F More than 50% of the entire human genome codes for functional proteins.

false

T/F One of the disadvantages of PCR is that it requires large amounts of starting material.

false

T/F Organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into them are called analytical products

false

T/F The "r" in "rRNA" stands for reticulum RNA because this type of RNA is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.

false

T/F When the sequence CGCAAUGCAAGGA is translated, the corresponding protein will be arginine-asparagine-alanine-arginine.

false

Both DNA and RNA are 1. found in the cytoplasm. 2. transcribed. 3. translated. 4. found in the nucleus. 5. considered the genetic material of the cell.

found in the nucleus.

How is the recombinant product procured from transgenic bacteria? Transgenic goats? 1. eat them, from growth media 2. from growth media, drink milk 3. eat them, eat them 4. drink milk, drink milk 5. from growth media, from growth media

from growth media, drink milk

Which of the following is a product made from bacteria via recombinant DNA technology that promotes the health of plants? 1. hepatitis B vaccine 2. insulin 3. clotting factor VIII 4. growth hormone 5. frost-minus substances

frost-minus substances

Researchers found 3 genes on chromosome 22 in chimpanzees that, when compared to our human genes, have given us insight into our evolution. What were those three genes? 1. genes for speech development, hearing, and smell 2. genes for chest size, cranial size, and leg length 3. genes for taste, opposable thumbs, and bipedalism 4. genes for speech development, opposable thumbs, and leg length 5. genes for food preference, bipedalism, and cranial size

genes for speech development, hearing, and smell

How does modern day sequencing detect dyes on the nucleotides? 1. radioactivity 2. dye terminator chemicals 3. DNA breakage 4. laser 5. by eye

laser

Which of the following is a coding RNA? 1. small RNA 2. tRNA 3. rRNA 4. mRNA

mRNA

In the RNA sequence CAAUGACCAG, what will be the first amino acid incorporated? 1. alanine 2. glutamine 3. methionine 4. valine 5. glycine

methionine

Which of the following is not a desirable trait for a genetically engineered plant? 1. disease resistant 2. salt sensitive 3. improved yield 4. modified wood pulp 5. drought tolerant

salt sensitive

DNA replication is considered 1. conservative. 2. semiconservative. 3. dispersive. 4. relaxed. 5. stringent.

semiconservative

How many codons are there for leucine? 1. two 2. three 3. four 4. five 5. six

six

Which of the following is not a potential function of proteins? 1. enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions 2. neurotransmitters to aid the nervous system 3. antibodies for the immune system 4. storage form for genetic information 5. hormones to change cellular activity

storage form for genetic information

Which structure contains the anticodon? 1. the mRNA 2. the large ribosomal subunit 3. the small ribosomal subunit 4. the tRNA 5. the rRNA

the tRNA

How many stop codons are there for translation? 1. one 2. two 3. three 4. four 5. five

three

What is the goal of functional genomics? 1. to determine all of the human genome sequence 2. to determine the genome sequence of other organisms useful to humans 3. to determine the purpose of our genes and how they form a human being 4. to determine how all the proteins within the cell interact 5. to carry out gene therapy for human diseases

to determine the purpose of our genes and how they form a human being

Which of the following is the primary goal of bioinformatics? 1. to find significant patterns in the information gained from DNA sequencing and proteomics 2. to input DNA and protein sequences into a computer 3. to model the three-dimensional shape of cellular proteins 4. to obtain the sequence of all the noncoding regions of the DNA 5. to insert genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a disorder

to find significant patterns in the information gained from DNA sequencing and proteomics

Which of the following is not an amino acid? 1. glycine 2. tryptophan 3. alanine 4. valine 5. uracil

uracil

Which of the following is not studied in the field of proteomics? 1. protein-protein interactions 2. protein concentration in a cell 3. which genes give rise to which proteins 4. cellular location of particular proteins 5. chemical modifications of proteins

which genes give rise to which proteins