Chapter 21

Recent cross-cultural research has revealed that staleness is a problem for approximately what percentage of adolescents? a. 30% to 40% b. 10% to 20% c. 50% to 60% d. 20% to 30% e. 40% to 50%

a. 30% to 40%

According to research by Gould and colleagues, approximately what percentage of Olympians reported that they overtrained for the Olympics? a. 50% b. 5% c. 20% d. 40% e. 65%

a. 50%

According to Morgan's research, which of the following is true? a. The heavier the training stimulus, the greater the mood disturbance. b. The heavier the training stimulus, the less the mood disturbance. c. The amount of training is not related to mood disturbance. d. Athletes experiencing overtraining display an inverted-U profile. e. none of the above

a. The heavier the training stimulus, the greater the mood disturbance.

Overtraining refers to a training cycle of approximately a. a few days to a few weeks b. a few weeks to two months c. a few days to one year d. a few days to six months e. six months to one year

a. a few days to a few weeks

According to the research on burnout among athletic trainers and officials, a. both athletic trainers and officials feel that role conflict is related to burnout b. time demands are related to burnout for officials c. fear of negative evaluation is related to burnout for athletic trainers d. a and c e. b and c

a. both athletic trainers and officials feel that role conflict is related to burnout

According to Dale and Weinberg's study on leadership style and burnout, a. coaches with a consideration style of leadership exhibited higher levels of burnout than coaches with an initiating structure style of leadership b. coaches with an initiating structure style of leadership exhibited higher levels of burnout than coaches with a consideration leadership style c. there was no relationship between leadership style and burnout d. coaches with a laissez-faire leadership style exhibited the highest level of burnout e. none of the above

a. coaches with a consideration style of leadership exhibited higher levels of burnout than coaches with an initiating structure style of leadership

According to Morgan's research, top-level athletes form a psychological profile known as the a. iceberg profile b. inverted-U profile c. U-shaped profile d. peak performance profile e. Morgan profile

a. iceberg profile

The motivational map of burned-out youth tennis players that Gould and colleagues developed underscores the importance of _____________ in determining burnout. a. individual differences b. training methods c. goal orientations d. group interactions e. social support

a. individual differences

Which of the following is NOT a component of burnout in the Maslach Burnout Inventory? a. isolation b. emotional exhaustion c. depersonalization d. personal accomplishment

a. isolation

Recent research by Meehan and colleagues has indicated that feelings of overtraining can occur because of a. nonsport stress b. high physical demands of the sport c. high mental demands of the sport d. pressure from teammates e. pressure from coaches

a. nonsport stress

According to Silva's model of burnout, the key component to producing burnout is a. the potential negative stress of too much training b. increased pressure to win c. lack of feelings of personal accomplishment d. increased isolation e. decreased perceptions of control

a. the potential negative stress of too much training

Recent research indicates that burnout is due to a. stress b. a variety of factors c. coping skills d. social support e. coach behavior

b. a variety of factors

The difference between overtraining and periodized training depends largely on individual differences and a. personality differences b. capabilities c. mood states d. perfectionism e. Type A behavior

b. capabilities

Which of the following is NOT a stage of burnout? a. depersonalization b. cognitive dissociation c. decreased feelings of personal accomplishment d. isolation e. emotional and physical exhaustion

b. cognitive dissociation

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of burnout? a. lack of caring b. elevated resting heart rate c. sleep disturbances d. physical and mental exhaustion e. increased anxiety

b. elevated resting heart rate

The principal psychological symptom of staleness is a. lowered self-esteem b. increased mood disturbance c. high levels of aggression d. lowered anxiety e. lowered self-efficacy

b. increased mood disturbance

The factor that youth tennis players note most often regarding their reasons for burnout is a. physiological b. psychological c. social d. biomechanical e. motoric

b. psychological

According to the latest research on overtraining, if the source of the stressor is psychological, then the recovery strategy should focus on a. nutrition b. thought management strategies c. active rest d. rest e. hydration

b. thought management strategies

Coakley's model of burnout emphasizes which two concepts? a. self-efficacy and training stress b. unidimensional identity and the lack of athlete control over the environment c. distress and eustress d. external stressors and perceptions of control e. training stress and cognitive-affective reactions

b. unidimensional identity and the lack of athlete control over the environment

Which of the following suggestions did burned-out youth tennis players give to parents to help prevent burnout in the future? a. Get more involved with your tennis-playing children. b. Do not push your child at all. c. Involve your child in decision making. d. a and b e. b and c

c. Involve your child in decision making.

Which of the following is NOT a component of Smith's model of burnout? a. situational demands b. cognitive appraisal of demands c. cognitive responses d. physiological responses e. coping behaviors

c. cognitive responses

The common thread or threads among the different definitions of burnout include a. physical, but not mental, exhaustion b. high feeling of personal accomplishment c. impersonal responses to others d. a and c e. b and c

c. impersonal responses to others

According to the research on gender and coaches' burnout, a. males have higher burnout rates than females b. females have higher burnout rates than males c. no conclusive results have been found d. males are higher than females only in individual sports e. males are higher than females only in team sports

c. no conclusive results have been found

The deliberate strategy of exposing athletes to high-volume and high-intensity loads for performance enhancement is called a. overtraining b. burnout c. periodized training d. staleness e. none of the above

c. periodized training

Based on Silva's study on burnout and staleness, which of the following statements is (are) FALSE? a. 42% of athletes experience overtraining. b. 25% of athletes experience burnout at some point in their careers. c. More than 70% of athletes reported some staleness during their sport seasons. d. a and b e. b and c

d. a and b

According to the new model of overtraining developed by Kentta and Hassmen, overtraining can lead to a. improved performance b. no change in performance c. impaired performance d. all of the above e. b and c

d. all of the above

In a series of studies involving competitive youth tennis players, Gould and colleagues found that burnout involved a. logistical concerns b. social and interpersonal concerns c. physical concerns d. all of the above e. b and c

d. all of the above

Increased burnout among athletes in recent years is due to which of the following factors? a. increased intensity of training b. year-round training and competition c. increased financial rewards for success d. all of the above e. a and c

d. all of the above

Morgan's research on athletes' training stress and mood states has shown that a. positive mental health is associated with high performance levels b. mood state disturbance is associated with decreases in performance c. as training loads taper off, mood states improve d. all of the above e. a and b

d. all of the above

Raedeke argues that burnout can be studied within a sport commitment approach. In essence, many athletes feel burned out but nevertheless continue to participate in their sport because of a. social pressure from others b. perceived lack of control over the situation c. too much self-identity tied up with their sport d. all of the above e. a and c

d. all of the above

Which of the following is (are) helpful treatment for burnout? a. Take relaxation breaks. b. Keep a positive outlook. c. Stay in good physical condition. d. all of the above e. a and c

d. all of the above

According to Murphy's study of training loads and mood states among Olympic judo athletes, a. increased conditioning training produced increases in negative mood states b. increased sport-specific training produced increases in negative mood states c. increased conditioning training did not result in increases in negative mood state d. b and c e. a and b

d. b and c

Gould and colleagues summarized their findings by stating that there are two major "strains" of burnout. These two strains are _________ and _________ in nature. a. social-psychological; cognitive b. sociological; psychological c. psychological; cognitive d. social-psychological; physical e. physical; cognitive

d. social-psychological; physical

Compared to Silva's model of burnout and Smith's model of burnout, Coakley's model is more ___________ in orientation. a. physiological b. psychological c. cognitive d. sociological e. anthropological

d. sociological

In various research studies investigating staleness in athletes, at least _____ of athletes reported staleness as occurring at least one time in their careers. a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20% e. 30%

e. 30%

A new sport-specific burnout scale developed by Raedeke and Smith has three burnout subscales including which of the following? a. reduced sense of accomplishment b. sport devaluation c. detachment with others d. all of the above e. a and b

e. a and b

According to Silva's study, which of the following was identified as a cause of overtraining? a. too much physical training b. too much pressure c. constant negative feedback from the coach d. all of the above e. a and b

e. a and b

Which of the following suggestions did burned-out youth tennis players give other players to help prevent burnout in the future? a. Try to make it fun. b. Balance tennis with other aspects of your life. c. Don't take much time off because you will lose motivation. d. all of the above e. a and b

e. a and b

.Which of the following is NOT a symptom of overtraining? a. apathy b. sleep disturbances c. mood changes d. weight loss e. deteriorating relationships

e. deteriorating relationships