Chapter 21 Quiz
Quota
certain number of jobs or promotions for a certain group
Heterogeneous
different
Reverse Discrimination
discrimination against majority group
Rational Basis Test
does the question in bear a reasonable relationship to the achievement of some gov purpose (have we got rid of or limited discrimination)
How can an American lose their citizenship?
expatriation (renounced) and denaturalization (by fraud or deception through court order)
Separate but equal doctrine
facilities of blacks can be separate but n=must be equal to those of whites (plessy v ferguson)
Title IX
forbids discrimination in any education program that receives federal funding, ensures women receive fair educational treatment and in athlete programs at the college level (education amendments act 1972)
What is the significance of the declaration of sentiments?
men and women are created equal
Expatriation
the legal process by which a loss of citizenship occurs
Civil Rights Act of 1964
1) no person can be refused public accommodations, 2) prohibits discrimination in any program that receives federal funding, 3) forbids employers and labor unions from discriminating
Where is the constitution is gender specifically referenced?
19th amendment
Describe two laws intended to improve women's wages?
Equal Pay Act of 1963 (men and women paid equal for same job) and Civil Rights Act of 1964 (no sex based discrimination in job)
Alien
a citizen of a foreign state who lives in this country
Civil Right Act of 1968
a law that banned discrimination in housing (open housing act)
Strict Scrutiny Test
a state must be able to show that some "compelling governmental interest" justifies the distinctions it has drawn between classes of people
Immigrant
aliens legally admitted as a permanent residents
What was the adarand ruling?
all affirmative action cases will be reviewed under strict scrutiny (bonuses to highway workers in 10 percent of work went towards areas in economic distress)
What does the 14 amendment say about citizenship?
all persons born or naturalized in the us and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens to the us and of the state wherin they reside
Affirmative Action
approach that requires most employers to take positive steps to remedy the effects of past discrimination
What are the reasons a person can be deported?
illegal entry with false papers, sneaking in by ship or plane, or slipping across the border at night
What was the impact of the 13th amendment on racial discrimination?
it allowed discrimination by private individuals
What did the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 do?
it made it easier to deport illegal aliens by streamlining the deportation process, it toughened penalties by smuggling aliens into the country and prevented them from getting housing benefits
Jus Sanguinis
law of blood (determined by parentage)
Jus Soli
law of soil (where someone is born)
Jim Crow Laws
laws aimed at african americans
Naturalization
legal process by which a person can become a citizen of another country at the same time after birth
Deportation
legal process by which aliens are required to leave the country
List three reasons why women still earn less than men?
male workforce has more experience and education, moms leave work, and discrimination in corporate world
Equal Protection Clause
no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws"
Citizen
one who owes allegiance to the us and is entitled to the protection and privileges of its laws
Refugee
one who seeks protection from war, persecution, or some other danger
Assimilation
process by which people of one culture merge into another
Integration
process of desegregation
Denaturalization
process that can only occur by court order and naturalized cited can only lose their citizenship involuntary
Reservation
public land set aside by gov for native american use
De Jure
segregation authorized by law
De Facto
segregation that exists by practice and custom
What was the result of brown v board of education?
separate but equal is unconstitutional in the education system
Segregations
separation based on race
