Chapter 21 review questions

Each of the following is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the ________ artery. A) anterior communicating B) anterior cerebral C) posterior communicating D) posterior cerebral E) basilar

E) basilar

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery called the A) cerebral arterial circle. B) common carotid artery. C) external carotid artery. D) internal carotid artery. E) basilar artery.

E) basilar artery.

The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic

E) brachiocephalic

Branches off the aortic arch include the A) brachiocephalic trunk. B) left subclavian artery. C) left common carotid artery. D) left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery. E) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery.

E) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery.

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) venules. E) capillaries.

E) capillaries.

Which vessel has only the tunica intima layer? A) artery B) vein C) arteriole D) venule E) capillary

E) capillary

The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries. A) radial and ulnar B) femoral and popliteal C) femoral and tibial D) tibial and popliteal E) femoral and deep femoral

E) femoral and deep femoral

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the small intestine, and most of the large intestine is the A) celiac artery. B) inferior mesenteric vein. C) hepatic portal vein. D) gastric vein. E) superior mesenteric artery.

E) superior mesenteric artery.

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

E) tunica externa

In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

E) tunica externa.

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum.

A) continuous capillaries.

The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the A) venous reserve. B) capacitance of veins. C) vessel mobilization. D) venous return. E) vessel residual.

A) venous reserve.

________ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow. A) Varicosities B) Sinusoids C) Foramina D) Portal systems

B) Sinusoids

Branches of the popliteal artery include the A) femoral artery. B) anterior tibial artery. C) iliac artery. D) dorsalis pedis. E) plantar arch.

B) anterior tibial artery.

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

B) arteriole

The smallest arterial branches are called the A) muscular arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

B) arterioles.

In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer. A) arthritis B) arteriosclerosis C) stenosis D) atherosclerosis E) multiple sclerosis

B) arteriosclerosis

As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds. B) pressure drops. C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases. E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

B) pressure drops.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A) perforated capillaries. B) discontinuous capillaries. C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasa vasorum.

C) fenestrated capillaries.

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in A) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain. B) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. D) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. E) increased heart rate.

C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Which is not an effect of angiotensin II to increase blood pressure? A) increasing production of aldosterone B) increasing secretion of ADH C) increasing atrial natriuretic peptide D) increasing thirst E) vasoconstriction increasing total peripheral resistance

C) increasing atrial natriuretic peptide

The two common iliac veins form the A) femoral vein. B) greater saphenous vein. C) inferior vena cava. D) hepatic portal vein. E) innominate vein.

C) inferior vena cava.

Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies). A) radial B) brachial C) internal thoracic D) digital E) phrenic

C) internal thoracic

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) systemic circuit.

C) lungs.

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica A) intima. B) externa. C) media. D) interna. E) adventitia.

C) media.

In response to hemorrhage, there is A) peripheral vasodilation. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) mobilization of the venous reserve. D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. E) increased blood flow to the digestive system.

C) mobilization of the venous reserve.

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery. A) iliac B) deep femoral C) popliteal D) tibial E) peroneal

C) popliteal

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) vasa vasorum. B) plexus. C) precapillary sphincter. D) thoroughfare channel. E) venule.

C) precapillary sphincter.

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) critical closing B) mean arterial C) pulse D) blood E) circulatory

C) pulse

At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) external jugular

C) subclavian

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the A) internal jugular vein. B) external jugular vein. C) superior vena cava. D) inferior vena cava. E) coronary sinus.

C) superior vena cava.

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. A) 30 B) 60 C) 20 D) 50 E) 25

D) 50

The condition known as ________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries. A) arthritis B) arteriosclerosis C) stenosis D) atherosclerosis E) multiple sclerosis

D) atherosclerosis

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) axillary E) digital

D) axillary

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic

D) brachial

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck is the ________ artery. A) brachiocephalic B) vertebral C) subclavian D) common carotid E) cervical

D) common carotid

A temporary loss of consciousness due to a decrease in blood flow to the brain is termed A) stroke. B) coronary ischemia. C) cerebral hypoxia. D) fainting. E) cerebral hypotension.

D) fainting.

Compared to arteries, veins A) are rounder in a sectional cut. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut

D) have thinner walls.

The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. A) hepatic artery B) gastric vein C) myenteric capillaries D) hepatic portal vein E) superior mesenteric vein

D) hepatic portal vein

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of angiotensin II. C) increased blood volume. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. A) vertebral B) azygos C) innominate D) internal jugular E) external jugular

D) internal jugular

Trained athletes tend to have ________ heart rates and ________ stroke volumes than nonathletes at rest. A) higher; higher B) lower; lower C) higher; lower D) lower; higher E) similar; higher

D) lower; higher

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

D) muscular

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction.

D) parasympathetic innervation.

Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) cephalic D) radial E) basilic

D) radial

The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply. A) celiac trunk B) abdominal aorta C) hepatic artery D) renal artery E) superior mesenteric artery

D) renal artery

The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as A) severe combined constriction. B) vasomotion. C) vasoconstriction. D) total peripheral resistance. E) systemic resistance.

D) total peripheral resistance

Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed A) hemorrhoids. B) venoconstriction. C) vaso vasorum. D) varicose veins. E) venous reserve.

D) varicose veins.

Partial constriction due to constant sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels is known as A) vasoconstriction. B) vasodilation. C) arteriosclerosis. D) vasomotor tone. E) aortic reflex.

D) vasomotor tone

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) capillaries C) systemic arterioles D) veins E) arteries

D) veins

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

D) venules.

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the A) celiac artery. B) inferior mesenteric vein. C) hepatic portal vein. D) gastric vein.

A) celiac artery.

A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. A) aneurysm B) stroke C) vascular edema D) arteriosclerosis E) atherosclerosis

A) aneurysm

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) arterioles. B) venules. C) veins. D) arteries. E) capillaries.

A) arterioles.

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

A) artery

The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called A) autoregulation. B) hormonal regulation. C) hemoregulation. D) vasoregulation. E) neuroregulation.

A) autoregulation.

Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the ________ arteries. A) basilar B) superior phrenic C) esophageal D) bronchial E) intercostal

A) basilar

1Baroreceptors are located in the A) carotid sinuses. B) aortic sinuses. C) right atrial wall. D) carotid and aortic sinuses. E) carotid and aortic sinuses and the right atrial wall.

A) carotid sinuses.

When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ________ vein. A) femoral B) deep femoral C) internal iliac D) external iliac E) lumbar

A) femoral

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except A) increased hematocrit. B) increased vessel diameter. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased peripheral resistance. E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

A) increased hematocrit.

Fear can result in A) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers. B) increased stimulation of the cardioacceleratory center by higher brain centers. C) decreased heart rate.

A) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers.

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. A) internal carotid B) external carotid C) mental D) azygos E) maxillary

A) internal carotid

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except A) release of renin. B) decrease in blood volume. C) decreased peripheral resistance. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) decreased levels of aldosterone.

A) release of renin.

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s). A) small saphenous B) great saphenous C) posterior tibial D) small saphenous and great saphenous E) posterior tibial and great saphenous

A) small saphenous

Near the carotid sinus, A) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch. B) the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries. C) the external carotid forms the internal carotid. D) veins and arteries anastomose. E) the aorta gives rise to the common carotids.

A) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.

Of the following, which is an elastic artery? A) the subclavian B) the external carotid C) the brachial D) the femoral E) the ulnar

A) the subclavian

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

A) tunica intima

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) venous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) diastolic pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure.

B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. A) common carotid B) common iliac C) femoral D) tibial E) popliteal

B) common iliac

Resistance is a force that A) increases blood flow. B) decreases blood flow. C) never changes in a blood vessel. D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. E) is always higher than blood pressure.

B) decreases blood flow.

Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drains into a(n) A) plantar vein. B) dorsal venous arch. C) small saphenous vein. D) peroneal vein. E) iliac vein.

B) dorsal venous arch.

Veins of the brain empty into A) coronary sinuses. B) dural sinuses. C) the cerebral arterial circle. D) external jugular veins. E) vertebral veins.

B) dural sinuses.

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

B) elastic

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

B) external elastic membrane

The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein. A) internal iliac B) external iliac C) common iliac D) inferior vena cava E) azygos

B) external iliac

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the A) length of a blood vessel. B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids. C) turbulence. D) blood viscosity. E) blood vessel diameter.

B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

At the knee, the small saphenous, tibial, and fibular veins unite to form the ________ vein. A) femoral B) popliteal C) external iliac D) internal iliac E) inferior vena cava

B) popliteal

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression.

B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) doubles; decreases B) reduces; increases C) decreases; doubles D) increases; reduces E) reduces; reduces

B) reduces; increases

The tunica intima consists of A) stratified squamous epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue. C) smooth muscle and loose connective tissue. D) simple squamous epithelium and smooth muscle. E) loose connective tissue.

B) simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue.

The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery. A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachial D) acromial E) brachiocephalic

B) subclavian

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) subclavian vein. E) azygos vein.

B) superior vena cava.

The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways. A) pulmonary arteries B) thoracic aorta C) pulmonary veins D) pleural arteries E) brachiocephalic trunk

B) thoracic aorta

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) large veins B) venules C) medium veins D) arteriovenules E) venous valves

B) venules

Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest? A) Cardiac output is higher. B) Heart blood flow is higher. C) Skin blood flow is lower. D) Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower. E) Kidney blood flow is lower.

C) Skin blood flow is lower.

Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? A) internal iliac B) small saphenous and great saphenous C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular D) peroneal and popliteal E) great saphenous and posterior tibial

C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A) arteriovenous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) arterial pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure.

C) arterial pressure.

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) subclavian E) digital

C) brachial

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins

C) capillaries

Cross-sectional area is highest in A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

C) capillaries.

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the A) common carotid artery. B) basal ring. C) cerebral arterial circle. D) external carotid artery. E) arterial bypass.

C) cerebral arterial circle.

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. A) pericardium B) mediastinum C) diaphragm D) peritoneum E) pleura

C) diaphragm

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

C) tunica media

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. A) axillary B) digital C) ulnar D) subclavian E) brachiocephalic

C) ulnar

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins. A) tunica capillaria B) perfusion capillaries C) vasa vasorum D) vascular capillaries E) cortical vessels

C) vasa vasorum

All of the following occur during exercise except A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. B) venous return increases. C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. D) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases. E) angiotensin II is released.

E) angiotensin II is released.

What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside? A) tunica intima; tunica externa; tunica media B) tunica intima; tunica media; tunica externa C) tunica media; tunica externa; tunica interna D) tunica externa; tunica interna; tunica media E) tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna

E) tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

E) vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

E) vein

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

E) veins.