Chapter 23 Health

Antigens

Substances that are capable of triggering an immune response.

Which is NOT a prevention strategy that will help a person reduce the risk of getting or spreading a communicable disease? a. Avoid sharing personal items. b. Eat well and exercise. c. Handle food properly. d. Wash your hands before handling pets.

Wash your hands before handling pets.

Phagocyte

White blood cells that attack invading pathogens.

virus

a piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

toxin

a substance that kills cells or interferes with their function

The respiratory tract includes the a. stomach, liver, and pancreas. b. nose, throat, and lungs. c. eyes, ears, and nose. d. liver, lungs, and kidneys

nose, throat, and lungs

Which is NOT a way pathogens are spread through direct contact? a. Touching b. Puncture wounds c. Sneezing d. Being scratched by a pet

Being scratched by a pet

Lymphocyte

Specialized white blood cell that coordinates and performs many of the functions of specific immunity.

infection

a condition that occurs when pathogens in the body multiply and damage body cells

pathogen

a microorganism that causes disease

Widespread use of antibiotics gives rise to a. anthrax spores. b. West Nile virus. c. recreational water illnesses. d. drug-resistant pathogens.

drug-resistant pathogens.

. A disease whose occurrence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future is a(n) a. antibiotic disease. b. communicable disease. c. emerging infection. d. recreational disease.

emerging infection

A yellowing of the skin and eyes is called a. cirrhosis. b. pneumonia. c. mucous. d. jaundice.

jaundice

A global outbreak of an infectious disease is called a(n) a. emerging disease. b. pandemic. c. mutation. d. resistant pathogen.

pandemic

bacteria

single-celled microorganisms that live almost

The microorganism giardia infects a. the digestive system. b. mucous membranes. c. the respiratory system d. emerging infection.

the digestive system.

Mononucleosis is caused by bacteria.

False

Antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen.

Inflammatory response

A reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

What is a communicable disease? a. A disease that is not contagious b. A disease that is spread from one living organism to another c. A disease that is not infectious d. A disease that is always spread by direct contact of organisms

A disease that is spread from one living organism to another

immune system

A network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fight off pathogens.

Immunity

The state of being protected against a particular disease.

An easy way to avoid hepatitis B is to wash your hands after using any public restroom.

False

Influenza is a bacterial infection whose symptoms include sore throat and fever.

False

Salmonella and E. coli are bacteria that live in animals' respiratory tracts.

False

The bacteria that cause Lyme disease are transmitted to humans by Birds

False

The bacteria that cause Lyme disease are transmitted to humans by infected birds.

False

What kind of pathogen causes the disease called athlete's foot? a. Fungi b. Bacteria c. Rickettsias d. Protozoans

Fungi

Which two respiratory infections are caused by viruses? a. Tuberculosis and influenza b. Influenza and the common cold c. The common cold and strep throat d. Strep throat and influenza

Influenza and the common cold

Modern air travel contributes to the spread of disease around the world.

True

RWIs are spread by having contact with water contaminated with untreated sewage.

True

Scarring of the liver is called cirrhosis.

True

The barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens are all physical.

True

The lining of various body cavities, including the mouth and nose, is called the mucous membrane.

True

West Nile virus is carried by mosquitoes.

True

Which is a bacterial disease that spreads through the air and attacks the lungs? a. Hepatitis A b. Strep throat c. Tuberculosis d. Influenza

Tuberculosis

What is an organism that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals? a. Protozoan b. Vector c. Fungal spore d. Droplet

Vector

Avian influenza is a viral disease that occurs naturally among a. birds. b. mosquitoes. c. bacteria. d. ticks.

birds

. Hepatitis C is most often spread by a. droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air. b. contact with an infected person. c. contact with needles that are contaminated with infected blood. d. contact with enlarged lymph nodes on the neck.

contact with needles that are contaminated with infected blood.