Chapter 24 History
Write brief definitions for each of the following terms: -Operation Overlord -D-Day -Battle of the Bulge
-Operation Overlord: Operation Overlord, otherwise known as the Battle of Normandy, led the Allies in the successful invasion of Germany-occupied Western Europe during World War Two. The invasion happened on June 6, 1944 and lasted until August 30, 1944 in Northern France. -D-Day: June 6, 1944, when Allied forces invaded Northern France by using the beaches in Normandy. -Battle of the Bulge: December 16, 1944- January 25, 1945. The last major German attempt on the Western Front during World War Two. It took place in the densely forested Ardennes Region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northern France, and Luxembourg.
Write brief definitions for each of the following terms: -Tuskegee Airmen -Operation Torch
-Tuskegee Airmen: A segregated unit of African Americans, the first ever to receive training as pilots in the U.S. Military. -Operation Torch: The plan called for American forces to invade the North African countries of Morocco and Algeria in November 1940. The operation was led by Dwight D. Eisenhower.
What were the issues surrounding Eisenhower's decision not to push to Berlin?
He knew the battle would be a bloody one, he also knew that the Allied Leaders had reached an agreement with the Soviets about how to divide Berlin. This meant that the American soldiers might die for what would have just been turned over to the Soviets anyways. He also knew that the war in the Pacific was still raging. He felt that it was more important to preserve our resources and make it as easy as possible to send them to the Pacific when the fighting was over. The Soviets ended up taking Berlin. He was a general.
What can you infer from the fact that the Americans' initial battles with the Germans can be described as "learning experiences"?
I can infer from the fact that Americans' first battles with Germany were called "learning experiences" that the battles did not go so well, and that the Americans could learn important lessons from how they first attempted to fight.
What do you think of Roosevelt's decision to focus all of his energy on defeating the Germans and Japanese rather than trying to rescue the Jews in Nazi camps.
I think that FDR was wise in his decision to focus all of his energy on defeating the Germans and the Japanese because without taking care of the problem at its source, the Jews would probably be in even more mistreatment.
War Refugee Board
It was not until January 1944 that President Roosevelt announced the creation of the War Refugee Board. This organization was told to "take all measures to rescue victims of enemy oppression in imminent danger of death" Through the board, the United States was able to help 200,000 Jews who might otherwise have fallen into the hands of the Nazis.
What can you infer about the atomic bomb from the fact that some people felt that it should not have been dropped without warning?
It was very dangerous, and caused a lot of damage. Could impact other wars and could set precedent for nuclear warfare.
Internment
Japanese Internment camps. This forced relocation and confinement to the camps was called interment.
What sacrifices did Americans on the home front have to make for the war effort?
Americans on the home front had to ration their goods, and instead of supplying other things in factories, they had to produce war materials. Scrap drives. The children are in school or daycare.
What factors made the experience of interned Japanese Americans so difficult?
Had to sell their properties, few educations, unable to pay off loans or work, hot, cramped, barren
Sent out propaganda through posters or movies Encouraged people to support the war effort at home
Office of War Information
In what ways did World War 2 increase the power of the American government and its influence in everyday life?
The American people had to be able to lean on the government and vice versa to be able to win the war. The government created the OPA and the WPB to help the war efforts. More involved in economy. Not so Lazzie-faire. Increase in taxes.
Why was the Battle of Midway such an important victory for the US?
The Battle of Midway led to the Allies being able to move in closer to Japan after destroying Japanese aircraft carriers and 250 planes.
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet up to discuss post-war ideas
The Yalta Conference
What term describes Hitler's racist attitudes toward the Jews:
-Antisemitism
Why do you think the German people supported Hitler's anti-Semitic attitudes?
-I think the German people supported Hitler's anti-Semitic attitudes because they needed someone to place blame on for the depression and the other struggles in Germany. He spread his ideas by using propaganda.
How do you think the decision to drop the bomb will affect the United States in the future?
-The bomb might inspire other countries to do the same thing to either the US, or another country. Drops the bombs on the 6th and 9th of August. Exposed the US'S power. Controversy in the US.
What might have happened had people on the home front been unwilling to support the war?
Decreased funding for the war, not enough supplies for the war, nation in debt.
Bombing over Tokyo Didn't do much but gave Americans something to celebrate
Doolittle's Raid
The killing of an entire people.
Genocide
Neighborhoods in a city to which a group of people are confined. Walls, diseases spread quickly, no freedoms to come and go, guarded, miserable living conditions.
Ghetto
The genocidal campaign against the Jews during World War Two.
Holocaust
Did Hitler's attitudes toward the Jews change over time? Explain.
No, but if they did I would assume that they got increasingly more hateful because of placing the blame on them for losing the war. His policies got increasingly more violent.
Name two actions the federal government took to support the war effort during World War 2.
Office of Price Administration and the War Production Board
Set maximum prices for goods to fight inflation Set up by federal government
Office of Price Information
A way of saving money for war efforts.
Rationing
What were the purposes of rationing and scrap drives?
To collect all materials that could be used in the war. The items that were scarce were conserved. Scrap Drives for materials that could be used to make war materials and recycling other objects. How they were enforced: food stamps. There was a black market for these types of things.
Harry S Truman
Truman decided to use a powerful new weapon developed by scientists working on the Manhattan Project- the Atomic Bomb. FDR dies and he becomes the Nations 33rd President.
June 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco, California. Meant to encourage cooperation among nations and to prevent future wars. April-June Re-boot of the League of Nations
United Nations
What did the office of war information seek to do?
Used to create notions for the public to spread awareness for the war. Spread propaganda.
V-E Day
Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945
V-E Day
Victory in Europe Day May 8th Germany surrenders
V-J Day
Victory in Japan Day August 15, 1945
V-J Day
Victory in Japan Day August 15th 1945 when Hiro Hito says they are done document: Sept. 2nd
was eventually made to help Jews in captivity
War Refugee Board
Why do you think that rebuilding a war-torn country is so difficult?
War-torn countries are always on constant alert, anticipating another scenario in which they can be hurt again. They are fearful of anyone attempting to make a move on their country, whether it is good or bad. Money and manpower, which most countries do not have after the war.
Explain how American success in the Battle of the Atlantic may have affected the outcome of Operation Overlord.
We took control of the Atlantic Ocean so we could have open waters and air.
Why was the US slow to join in?
We were not aware of the extent, and when we heard it we thought it was untrue, also we were facing the Great Depression.
Write one sentence that summarizes the fighting in the Soviet Union between 1941-1944.
The fighting in the Soviet Union between 1941-1944 was the Battle of Stalingrad.
Why do you think observers of events in Germany did not do more to help Germany's Jews?
They did not want Germany to invade their country, some were not aware of the extent to which the Jews were harmed, the great depression was taking place and many countries did not have adequate jobs, and some were also anti-semitists.
What can you conclude from the fact that the federal government had an organization in charge of propaganda?
They were very much needing funding. People's attitudes needed to be turned toward war.
When was Hiroshima bombed?
August 6, 1945
Allied plan to invade North Africa which was run by Vichy France Led by General Eisenhower Success, French joined the side of the Allies Erwin Rommel's forces are surrounded
Operation Torch
Why did the Japanese have early success against the US in the Pacific?
The American fleet was damaged during Pearl Harbor.
What concern led to the internment of Japanese Americans?
The fear that they were spies from the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Executive order 9066
How did Truman make the decision to use the atomic bomb?
By dropping them he thought that he could save more american lives, and have less deaths in the long run.
When was Nagasaki bombed?
August 9, 1945
Japanese forced American forces in the Philippines to march for five days General MacArthur ordered to leave by FDR American surrender
Bataan Death March
Halting of the Japanese advance by all air power
Battle of Coral Sea
First major Japanese land defeat Island-hopping strategy is put into place Japanese on the retreat
Battle of Guadalcanal
First land defeat for the Japanese
Battle of Guadalcanal.
Allies find Japanese plans and counter their attacks General MacArthur came up with "Island-Hopping" strategy Turning point in the war in the Allies' favor
Battle of Midway
Midway Island- a strategic Island northwest of Hawaii. Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Commander of American Naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the island. The Americans won a decisive victory as their planes destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and 250 planes. June 3, 1942. A turning point in the war for the Allies. Soon they were island hopping toward Japan.
Battle of Midway
Nazis captured much of Stalingrad Winter came and Soviets surrounded the Nazis in the city Turning point of the war in the Soviet Union Nazis on the retreat
Battle of Stalingrad
America joins Allies in the Atlantic to transport troops and supplies Germans intervene with U-Boats Allies win with radar and sonar and cracking the Enigma code
Battle of the Atlantic
Germans' last major offensive Make a major bulge in the defensive line Exhaust their resources and are on the retreat
Battle of the Bulge
In charge of the ground troops in the pacific came up with the island hopping strategy. A general in the war.
Douglas MacArthur
What do you think Eisenhower's greatest responsibility was as the war wound down in Europe? Did he fulfill this responsibility?
Keeping his men alive with as little resources as possible. Yes
Compare decisions for end of WWI with end of WWII
League of Nations was made but didn't enforce anything United Nations was made by US to prevent future wars MacArthur helped Japan with their constitution
Leaders of the Allied Nations met in Potsdam, Germany to discuss the work that Stalin made in Yalta. Stalin, Truman, Attlee
Potsdam Conference
The Battle of Normandy. On the beaches. This led to the successful invasion of German occupied Western Europe. Plan to get back France. American, British, France, and Canadians. The Allies fought. Date: June, 6 1944 known as D day. Leads to the surrender of Germany. General: George Patton Last German Offensive: Battle of the Bulge because the allies created a bulge in the line.
Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944. The decision to undertake a cross-channel invasion in 1944 was taken at the Trident Conference in Washington in May 1943. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed commander of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), and General Bernard Montgomery was named as commander of the 21st Army Group, which comprised all the land forces involved in the invasion. The coast of Normandy was chosen as the site of the invasion, with the Americans assigned to land at sectors codenamed Utah and Omaha.
(June 6, 1944) Allied plan to liberate Nazi-occupied France to liberate the rest of Europe from Nazi rule Allies landed at Normandy (British, Americans, and Canadians fought), many casualties General Patton takes France back Largest land and sea battle in history Success, liberation of France, Belgium, and Luxembourg
Operation Overlord/D-Day
an invasion of Axis powers, launched by General Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1945, The US entered the war and invaded north african countries.
Operation Torch
Japan officially surrenders when?
September 2, 1945
How do you think the experience of World War I affected the decisions made at the end of World War 2?
Similarities: The end of WW2 they were more consistent to stop future wars. WW1: created league of nations but did not follow through The start of WW2 was brought on partially by Germany's humiliation and restrictions based on the loss of the war. At the end of the war, the Allies learned that they must enforce the rules and regulate them to get a good result.
Why do you think air and sea power were so important in the Pacific?
Since the battles were taking place in the middle of an ocean, there would be no use in equipping tanks, jeeps, or any other land automobile. No space for land battles on islands.
What kind of sacrifices were required of people on the home front?
Taking jobs in factories, rationing, bail bonds, absence of loved ones.
Why was the Battle of Stalingrad significant?
The Battle of Stalingrad was significant because the city of Stalingrad was a major industrial center in which the Germans wanted to take over. Hitler, however, suffered a huge defeat at the hands of the Soviet Union who pushed Germany back towards their country.
Briefly describe the Battle of the Atlantic:
The Battle of the Atlantic was a battle in World War Two against the Allies and the Axis Powers (mainly Germany) for the control of the Atlantic sea routes.
How did the behavior of the German soldiers compare to the behavior of the Japanese soldiers in the final months before each side surrendered?
The Japanese soldiers fought till the end, whereas the German soldiers were reliant on Hitler, and when he died, they surrendered.
Final Solution
The Nazis thought that the killing was not happening rapidly enough and it was also proving difficult on the men who performed it. They developed a plan called the "Final Solution" to combat this. The Final Solution meant to establish six new extermination camps for the Jews, where they would be killed upon arrival with either poison gas or preform cruel medical experiments. Some were also forced to perform labor.
Truman, Attlee, and Stalin meet up to discuss post-war ideas Some political controversy on how to fix the countries
The Potsdam Conference
Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen /tʌsˈkiːɡiː/ is the popular name of a group of African-American military pilots who fought in World War II.
The key goal of the was to reach an agreement on what to do with the soon-to-be conquered Germany. They decided to split the country into 4 sections. Post- war plans. One sector for each of the Allies. Soviet zone= Berlin
The Yalta Confrence
Battle of Okinawa
The battle of Okinawa, also known as Operation Iceberg, took place in April-June 1945. It was the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific theater of World War II. It also resulted in the largest casualties with over 100,000 Japanese casualties and 50,000 casualties for the Allies. This article gives an account of the 80 day plus battle for the Island of Okinawa which some have described as the "typhoon of steel".
How did the changes in the federal government during the Great Depression compare to the changes during WW2?
The changes in the government were enforced due to war efforts whereas the Great Depression was caused by inflation and various other reasons. They wanted to improve the lives of the citizens in the Great Depression. The national debt rose extremely high during WW2.
Why was control of the seas so important for the Allies and the Axis?
The control of the Atlantic was so crucial to the Axis and Allies because it was only by the sea that the United States could deliver soldiers and supplies to the opponents of Hitler. If the Atlantic was not kept safe for shipping, the Axis Powers would win the war.
How did the federal government try to encourage Americans to support the war effort?
The federal government created the OWI to produce propaganda.