chapter 25 - digestive system

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Which of the following is a function of the bacterial flora?

-bacteria digest cellulose -bacteria synthesize vitamin K

which secretions enter the GI tract at the duodenum?

-bile -chymotrypsinogen -pancreatic lipase -ribonuclease -deoxyribonuclease

which structures are part of the digestive tract?

-buccal cavity -duodenum -jejunum -ileum -colon -rectum

What are the segments of the small intestine in the order through which food passes?

-duodenum -jejunum -ileum

Starting after it leaves the pyloris, place the following anatomical structures in order to identify the correct sequence that food would pass through the body.

-duodenum -jejunum -ileum -cecum -ascending colon -transverse colon -descending colon sigmoid colon -rectum

which secretions enter the GI tract at the stomach?

-pepsinogen -HCl -intrinsic factor

which characteristics describe the small intestine?

-plicae -villi -brush border -microvilli -maximized surface area for absorption -aggregated lymphoid nodules

which characteristics describe the stomach?

-rugae -gastric pits -oblique layer in muscularis -maximized size for storage and mixing

which secretions enter the GI tract at the buccal cavity?

-salivary amylase -lingual lipase

Which of the following is a method of motility in the small intestine?

-segmentation -peristalsis -migrating motor complex

which structures are accessory organs to the digestive tract?

-teeth -salivary glands -liver -gallbladder

Which of the following statements is/are true about gastric motility?

-the stomach uses the contraction of 3 layers of muscle to mix, churn, and propel its contents to the duodenum -when the pyloric sphincter relaxed, chyme moves from the stomach to the duodenum -the receptive-relaxation response of the stomach allows it to accommodate more food

The following anatomical features of the small intestine function to increase the surface area of the intestinal wall and maximize its capacity for absorption. Rank these structures 1 through 3 in order from largest to smallest. -villi -circular folds -microvilli

1.circular folds 2.villi 3.microvilli

what is the function of the enzyme glucoamylase?

Brush-border enzyme that breaks down oligosaccharides

what is the function of the enzyme maltase?

Brush-border enzyme that targets the release of glucose from maltose

what is the function of the enzyme deoxyribonuclease?

Enzyme that breaks down DNA

what is the function of the enzyme ribonuclease?

Enzyme that breaks down RNA

what is the function of the enzyme salivary amylase?

Hydrolyzes starch, but is deactivated in the stomach

In order for digestion to occur, chyme is required to contact the microvilli of the intestinal wall because the __________.

brush border enzymes are not secreted into the lumen

Gastric secretion begins during the __________ phase and ends during the __________ phase.

cephalic; intestinal

which cells secrete the digestive enzymes, gastric lipase and pepesinogen?

chief cells

The network of nerves that regulate digestive motility, secretion, and blood flow is called the __________ system.

enteric nervous

which cells secrete hormones and paracrine messengers?

enteroendocrine cells

what is the function of the enzyme pancreatic lipase?

enzyme that produces 2 free fatty acids and a monoglyceride

What is the straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach called?

esophagus

TRUE/FALSE? As long as there is chyme in the duodenum, it will continue to stimulate gastric secretion.

false

The hormone __________ stimulates the secretion of the enzyme __________ in the stomach.

gastrin; pepsinogen

What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?

hepatic lobules

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to _________.

hydrochloric acid and chyme

Which of the following describes the fundus of the stomach?

it is the domed superior region

what is the function of the enzyme lingual lipase?

mouth-secreted enzyme that increases in activity upon contacting the HCl of the stomach

which cells secrete mucus and predominate in the cardia and pylorus?

mucous cells

Stimulation from the __________ nervous system via the __________ nerve causes the secretion of HCl in the stomach.

parasympathetic; vagus

which cells secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and ghrelin?

parietal cells

Which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach?

pepsin

which cells divide rapidly and and provide a continuous supply of new cells?

regenerative cells

Which does not stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach?

secretin

Cholecystokinin, which is produced in the small intestine, inhibits gastric secretions in the stomach.

true

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme.

true

TRUE/FALSE? Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach.

true


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