Chapter 3

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment is known as ___________.

open-systems focus

Organizational culture has a connection to projects. It (organizational culture) is best explained as organizational _____.

personality

A technology firm has assigned a project manager for each of the five new-product teams. The managers, as well as the project team members, work on the projects on a full-time basis. The structure being used is ________ organization.

projectized

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which rewards such as promotion and salary increases are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors is known as _____________.

reward criteria

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking is known as _____________.

risk tolerance

Conflict tolerance

the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly.

Risk Tolerance

the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

Member Identity

the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or profession

Management focus

the degree to which management decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

Means versus ends orientation

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those results

Reward Criteria

the degree to which rewards, such as promotions and salary increases, are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors

Control

the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

Open-systems focus

the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

Unit integration

the degree to which units within the organization are encouraged to operate in a coordinated or interdependent manner.

Team emphasis

the degree to which work activities are organized around groups rather than individuals

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which groups within the organization are encouraged to operate in a coordinated or independent manner?

unit integration

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of organizing projects within a matrix arrangement?

Expensive

One advantage of a matrix project management structure is that it is fast and easy to implement.

False

The arrangement that manages projects within the existing organizational structure is __________ organization.

Functional

Which of the following is NOT true regarding organizing projects within a matrix arrangement?

Its flexibility supports a strong project focus that helps alleviate stress among project team members.

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or field of professional expertise?

Member identity

An indicator of project success within an organization is the strength of the ______ to support the project management structure.

Organizational culture

A high level of motivation and the tendency for projects to get done more quickly are benefits of using the ________ organizational approach to project management.

Projectized

A project team that operates with a full-time project manager as a separate unit from the rest of the organization is structured using ________ organization.

Projectized

The ________ matrix form of project organization is likely to enhance project integration, diminish internal power struggles, and ultimately improve control of project activities and costs.

Strong

The more autonomy and authority the project manager and project team need to be successful, the more appropriate a dedicated project team or a(n) ________ matrix structure is to manage the project.

Strong

The goal of the resource pool PMO is to provide the organization with a cadre of ______.

Trained project managers and professionals

One of the major disadvantages of the projectized form of project management structure is that it tends to be more expensive than other forms of organization.

True

Organizational culture refers to a system of shared norms, beliefs, values, and assumptions which bind people together.

True

The matrix form of project management is notable for the tension it creates between functional managers and project managers who both bring critical expertise and perspectives to the project.

True

The ten primary characteristics of an organization's culture all exist on a continuum.

True

There are often considerable differences in how projects are managed within certain firms, even when similar project management structures are being used.

True

When determining the most appropriate project management structure, considerations need to be made at the organizational level and at the project level.

True

In which of the following is the balance of authority strongly in favor of the functional managers?

Weak Matrix

PMOs emerged in response to _____.

a poor track record in finishing projects on time, within budget, and according to plan

A young professional man is working on a project involving the upgrading of a management information system. The project is being managed by the information systems department with the coordination of other departments occurring through normal channels. This professional is working in a _________ organization.

functional

An important function of an organization's culture is to

help legitimize the management system

All of the following are functions culture plays in an organization EXCEPT

it replaces the need for a project selection process.

In a(n) ________ system, there are usually two chains of command, one along functional lines and the other along project lines.

matrix

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a functional project management organization?

All of these are disadvantages of functional project management organization

At the project level, which of the following is a factor that should influence the choice of project management structure?

All of these are factors that should influence the choice of project management structure

Which of the following cultural characteristic relates to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior?

Control

________ project teams should be used for urgent projects in which the nature of the work requires people working steadily from beginning to end.

Dedicated

Which structure would be most appropriate for developing a new, highly innovative product that has strict time constraints?

Dedicated project team