Chapter 3 LR

Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients would be considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply. a. A White male diagnosed with HIV b. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant c. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes d. A low-income family living in rural America e. A middle-class teacher living in a large city f. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy

B. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant C. Hispanic male who has type II diabetes. D. A low-income family living in rural America F. A white baby who was born with cerebral palsy

The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a procedure. While the nurse is opening an instrument, the outer wrapper of the sterilized instrument touches the extreme edge of the field. What should the nurse do next?

Discard the sterile field and prepare a new one

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?

"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented."

Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?

Environmental risk factor

Which of these is not a factor in the Agent-Host-Environment Model of health and illness, as developed by Leavell and Clark (1965)?

Evil spirit

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health?

Family Culture Community Society

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse should focus on which area?

Health promotion

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary

What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on breast self-examination?

Primary prevention

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

Secondary

Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?

Secondary care

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary-level prevention?

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?

The client gives up the dependent role.

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health

A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:

agent

A nurse is implementing secondary-level interventions for a group of hospitalized clients. With which activity would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply. a. Providing wound care b. Administering medications c. Reinforcing occupational therapy activities

b. Administering medications a. Providing wound care

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:

consume a diet low in fat.

Primary Prevention

focuses on activity that foster health for individual, groups, and communities

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the client had to relearn how to perform activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing. The client has often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:

giving up the dependent role

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness.

Primary Role

individually directed

A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:

self-concept.

A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses?

-Diabetes mellitus -Rheumatoid arthritis -Cystic Fibrosis

A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing various levels of health and illness. Which statement defines these two concepts?

-Health and illness are individually defined by each person -Health is more than the absence of illness -Illness is the response of a person to a disease.

The nurse is planning care for several clients in an outpatient clinic. Which client requires follow-up care due to a chronic condition?

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is wheezing and coughing

Which is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illness status?

A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family

Which is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illness status?

A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family.

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?

Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world.

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Rehabilitation

A client is admitted to the mental health center with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is the priority for the nurse to manage?

Risk of self-harm