Chapter 3 - Mastering Biology

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Polymers that contain sugars ...

(a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells.

If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?

3'-TAAACG-5'

If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?

75

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction?

DNA molecules are replicated in a cell by building new DNA molecules from nucleotides.

Once you eat a cookie, enzymes in your digestive tract begin to break down the cookie into smaller molecules. Which two statements are true regarding this process?

Hydrolysis reactions are breaking the macromolecules in the cookie down into smaller molecules; Water is required for the reactions that break the macromolecules in the cookie down into smaller molecules.

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.

Which two statements are true about dehydration synthesis?

Monomers or polymers are joined to form longer chains, An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule.

What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?

None.

L-dopa is used to treat _____.

Parkinson's disease

Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say?

Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water

Glycogen is _____.

a polysaccharide found in animals

Proteins are polymers of _____.

amino acids

The building blocks of proteins are called __________.

amino acids

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.

amino acids

Enantiomers are molecules that _____.

are mirror images

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____.

as a component of animal cell membranes

The large diversity of biological molecules depends on atoms of the element __________. This element can make stable bonds to itself and to atoms of other elements. Without this element, the large macromolecules that make up most of the molecules in living organisms would not be possible.

carbon

Plant cell walls consist mainly of __________.

cellulose

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

cellulose

When proteins lose their folded structure (called denaturation) they do not function properly. This unfloding of protein structure can be caused by

change in pH; heat

What is another name for a condensation reaction?

dehydration

Geometric isomers are molecules that _____.

differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond

DNA has the appearance of a _____.

double helix

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

fourth

A page is to a book as a ___________ is to the genome.

gene

A specific stretch of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a __________.

gene

Which of the following is the largest unit of DNA organisation

genome

Which of the following pairs of molecules share the same molecular formula but differ in structure?

glucose and fructose

Which of these are monomers?

glucose, amino acid

The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.

hydrogen bonds

The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.

hydrogen bonds

What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?

hydrolysis

All lipids share this characteristic.

lipids generally don't dissolve in water

What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common?

low solubility in water

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.

maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

Which of these is a source of lactose?

milk

A sugar, a phosphate, and a base are the components of a __________.

nucleotide

DNA is composed of building blocks called _____.

nucleotides

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?

olive oil

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

peptide

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____.

peptide bonds

A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.

phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its _____.

shape

Which of the following make up the backbone of a polynucleotide strand?

sugar and phosphate

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.

third

How many polynucleotides are found in one molecule of DNA?

two

A dehydration reaction is the process in which __________.

water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers


Related study sets

DRA 211 Theatre History I (Current)

View Set

IRC 2015 Electrical Inspector Examination Study

View Set

anatomy - chapter 7 nervous system mc

View Set

Western Civ Honors Midterm Exam (in progress)

View Set

Corporate Risk Management Exam 2

View Set

Chapter 3- Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Activity

View Set

Chapter 37 Drug Therapy for Peptic Ulcer Disease and Hyperacidity

View Set