Chapter 3: Questions

Which of the following is a hypothesis that could be created based on the data from this Pew Research graph? A. Asian American females will be happier with Hispanic males. B. Hispanic females will be more open to intermarriage than Hispanic males. C. White males will intermarry more than white females. D. Asian males will marry Asian females more than any other race.

B. Hispanic females will be more open to intermarriage than Hispanic males.

According to the graph below, people in all age groups reported needing help setting up a new electronic device. Based on the graph, which hypothesis would be accurate? A. Younger adults have a harder time learning new technology than older adults. B. If older adults are given new technology, they are more likely to ask for help than younger adults. C. Older adults have more trouble learning new technology than younger adults. D. If younger adults do not understand electronic devices, they are more likely to ask for help.

B. If older adults are given new technology, they are more likely to ask for help than younger adults.

A study seeks to measure the impact of different classroom temperatures on test scores for students during summer months. Which part of this experiment represents the independent variables? A. Students B. Temperatures C. Classrooms D. Test scores

B. Temperatures

What is the term for an abstract characteristic that cannot be directly observed, but that can potentially be measured? A. variable B. concept C. hypothesis D. indicator

B. concept

A study of how women are depicted in advertisements is an example of what method? A. literature review B. content analysis C. questionnaire D. analysis of secondary data

B. content analysis

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific research process? A. hypothesis testing B. finding funding for research C. observation D. data analysis

B. finding funding for research

The variable that is presumed to have an effect on or to cause something else is called the _____ variable. A. dependent B. independent C. intervening D. test

B. independent

One advantage of surveys is that A. they are rigid B. they can ask about a large number of topics C. they do not need to relate to a hypothesis D. they have a very high response rate

B. they can ask about a large number of topics

A researcher presents her study only after testing and then re-testing her results. The results are similar each time. What can she say about her study? A. The test indicates that it is valid. B. Her results can be generalized to the population. C. The serendipity of the test is evident. D. Her study has established reliability.

D. Her study has established reliability.

Qualitative research is based on A. survey data B. statistics C. replicated results D. interpretive observations

D. interpretive observations

When people must respond to a question from a fixed list of possible answers, this A. makes the findings more valid B. increases reliability C. is an open-ended question D. is a closed-ended question

D. is a closed-ended question

What is the disadvantage of doing a controlled experiment? A. Experiments may be artificial, eliminating any real-life effects B. Experiments are not able to establish causation C. Experiments rely on too many independent variables D. Experiments are too expensive for most sociologists to conduct

A. Experiments may be artificial, eliminating any real-life effects

Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis? A. If children play video games all day, then they are more likely to encounter weight problems. B. How does excessive video game play impact child weight? C. Children with weight problems often play video games. D. Why do children who play video games all day have more weight problems than children who do not?

A. If children play video games all day, then they are more likely to encounter weight problems.

Reasoning that begins with specific observations about which one draws conclusions is called _____ reasoning. A. inductive B. deductive C. conceptual D. applied

A. inductive

A _____ gives everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected for a study. A. random sample B. stratified sample C. snowball sample D. biased sample

A. random sample