Chapter 3 Quiz

Which of the following is a reasonable causal claim?

Texting while driving reduces impulse control.

Which of the following indicates that an article's claims are based on research?

The article describes how a scientific study measured a variable.

RESEARCH STUDY 3.5: Jenny reads the following headline on an online article: "If You're Sexist, People Will Think You're Racist, and Vice Versa." (This headline is based on a study conducted by Sanchez and colleagues, 2017.) This study found that members of stigmatized groups are threatened by prejudice directed at other stigmatized groups. Their results showed that White women can feel threatened by racism, men of color feel threatened by sexism, and that these perceptions made participants expect unfair treatment.Because of the design of this study, Sanchez and colleagues are likely more interested in ________ than ________.

construct validity; generalizing to all minority groups

RESEARCH STUDY 3.2: Dr. Ramon makes the following claim: "Watching television leads people to spend less time communicating with their spouses, study says." Dr. LaSalle makes the claim: "Research shows that making more money correlates with spending less time talking with your spouse."Which type of claim is Dr. LaSalle making?

an association claim

When researchers conduct an experiment comparing two different treatment conditions, they are likely to be more concerned with ______________ validity than validity.

internal; external

When examining the statistical validity of a frequency claim, one should look for the:

margin of error estimate

RESEARCH STUDY 3.3: Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really say for sure that being bullied leads to low self-esteem because they didn't measure being bullied before they measured self-esteem." Clarissa is concerned that the researcher

temporal precedence

Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing?

the external validity of the study