Chapter 3: Setting the Stage for Community Health Nursing

Roles in Community Health Nursing

1. Clinician 2. Educator 3. Advocate 4. Manager 5. Collaborator 6. Leadership Role 7. Researcher

Principles for Effective Nursing Practice

1. Decision Making 2. Transferring Information 3. Relationship Building

Nature of Community Health Nursing

1. Many nursing roles with variance in clients and variance of specific situations 2. Special Skill sets of --Assessment --Policy development --Assurance 3. Collaboration with other institutions --Schools/ parishes --Occupational health

Collaborator

1. Working jointly with others 2. Multidisciplinary collegiality and leadership

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Mobilize

Community partnerships Action to identify/ solve problems

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Ensure

Competent public workforces Competent personal health care workforces

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Diagnosis/ Investigate

Health problems & health hazards

A halfway house is an example of a residential institution as a setting for community health nursing.

TRUE A halfway house would be considered a residential institution setting.

Leadership Role

1. Action as a change agent --Focus is on effecting change that is positive that positively affect people's health --Change how people think and behave

Manager

1. Administrative direction of goals --Plan --Organize --Lead --Evaluate 2. Participative approach with community

Role of Manager

1. Assess clients' needs 2. Planning / organizing to meet the needs 3. Directing / leading client to achieve results 4. Control and evaluate progress to ensure that the goals are met 5. Integral Part = Case Management

Public Health Core Functions

1. Assessment 2. Policy Development 3. Assurance

Clinician

1. Care provider: --means that the nurse ensures health services are provided to groups/ populations --Assess collective needs / tailor needs accordingly (ex) Community health nurse visiting elderly residents in a seniors' high rise apartment [assess the needs of the entire aggregate & design appropriate services]

Roles of the framework of Public Health

1. Enforce 2. Link 3. Ensure 4. Evaluate 5. Research 6. Monitor 7. Diagnosis/Investigate 8. Inform/Educate/Empower 9. Mobilize 10. Develop policies/plans

Educator

1. Health Teacher 2. Plan for community-wide impact

Settings for Community Health Nursing

1. Homes --D/C from acute care or behavior hospital --Service tailored to pt needs --Setting for education/ health promotion 2. Ambulatory Service --Community health center [come for day and don't spend the night] --Outpatient services --Well-being clinic --Health departments --Offices --Migrant camps --Children day care centers 3. Schools 4. Occupational Health --Business --Industry --Employee health [advocacy, education, screening, promotion] 5. Residential Institutions --anywhere members reside --Halfway house --visiting clients in the hospital / working with hospital staff --Elderly home --Group homes --Camping programs for children --American cancer society --Correctional institution 6. Faith Communities --Church based health promotion --Parish nursing 7. Community at Large --Domestic --International

Management Skills

1. Human skills --Understand --Communicate --Motivate --Work with 2. Conceptual skills --Interprete abstract ideas --Apply them to real life --Formulate solutions 3. Technical Skills --Apply special management-related knowledge / expertise to a particular situation or problem

Research Process

1. Identify an area of interest 2. Specify the Research ? / statement 3. Review the literature 4. Identify a conceptual framework [Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena] 5. Select a research design [Descriptive, case-control...] 6. Collect / analyze data 7. Interprete the results 8. Communicate the findings

Advocate

1. Plead for the client's cause/ act on behalf of the client 2. Support the client's self-determination and independence 3. Make the system responsive / relevant to the client's needs 5. Characteristics: --Assertive --Take risks --Communicate / negotiate well --Identify/ obtain resources for client

Principles of Sound Community Nursing Practice

1. Standards of Practice 2. Standards of care 3. Management essential to all nursing roles --Community nursing process a) Assessment b) Planning c) Implementation d) Evaluation --Case Management 4. Essential behaviors --Decision making --Transferring information --Relationship building

Researcher

1. Systematic investigation, collection, analysis of data for solving problems 2. Evidence-based findings to community setting

Roles of beginning professional nursing practice were grouped into broad roles that include care of which of the following? Select all that apply. (a) Provider (b) Designer (c) Manager (d) Coordinator (e) Reimbuser

A, B, C, and D: Roles of beginning professional nursing practice are "provider of care; designer/manager/coordinator of care; and member of a profession."

Assurance

Availability of necessary services throughout the community [Assuring that services are provided] Ex) providing services to target populations, maintain safe levels of communicable disease surveillance / outbreak control

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Evaluate

Effectiveness/accessibility/ quality of personal and population based services

The assessment function of public health involves informing clients and communities?

FALSE The assessment function involves gathering and analyzing information that will affect the health of the people to be served. Informing, educating, and empowering clients are activities associated with the function of policy development.

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Monitor

Health status To identify/ solve community health problems

What does a clinician focus on?

Holism Health promotion/prevention Skill expansion

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Enforce

Laws/regulations that protect/ ensure safety

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Research

New insights Innovative solutions to health problems

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Link

People to needed health services Assure health care when its not available

Assessment

Regular *collection, analysis, sharing* of *info about health conditions, risks, and resources* all within a community -Through interviewing people, surveys, from public records, research findings

A nurse acting as an advocate would help assist clients with navigating the health care system.

TRUE As an advocate, the nurse pleads clients' causes or acts on their behalf. One example of advocacy would be guiding clients through the complexities of the health care system.

Roles of the framework of Public Health: Develop Policies/ Plans

That supports individuals/ community health efforts

Policy Development

Use of assessment data to develop policy & direct resources toward those policies Providing information to clients Ex) Community level = providing leadership to convince/ facilitate community groups to evaluate health concerns = recommends specific training/ programs / raise awareness of key policies that - affect Families = new programs/ increased services