Chapter 3 - The Basics Health - Rebecca J Donatelle

Homeostasis

A balanced physiological state in which all the body's systems function smoothly

Overload

A condition in which a person feels overly pressured by demands

Suicidal Ideation

A desire to die and thoughts about suicide

Psychological Hardiness

A personality trait characterized by contl, commitment, and embrace of challenge

Stressor

A physical, social or psychological event or condition that upsets homeostasis and produces a stress response

Traumatic Stress

A physiological and mental response that occurs for a prolonged period of time after a major accident, war, assault, natural disaster, or an event in which one may have been seriously hurt, killed, or witness to horrible things

Meditation

A relaxation techinique that involves deep breathing and concentration

Stress

A series of mental and physiological responses and adaptations to a real or perceived threat to one's well being

Burnout

A state of physical and mental exhaustion resulting from unrelenting stress

Shift And Persist

A strategy of reframing appraisals of current stressors and focusing on a meaningful future that protects a person from the nefative effects of too much stress

Hypothalamus

A structure in the brain that controls the sympathetic nervous system and directs the stress response. Determines the overall reaction to stressors

Epinephrine

Also called adrenaline a hormone that stimulates body systems in response to stress

Chronic Stress

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to ongoing or numerous perceived threats.

Blaming

Blaming yourself or others for circumstances and events

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for slowing systems stimulated by the stress response. It counteracts the sympathetic branch

Sympathetic Nervous System

Branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for stress arousal. Energizes the body for fight or flight

Stress can cause

Cardiovascular disease Weight gain Hair Loss Diabetes Digestive problems Impaired immunity - psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) study

Background Distressors

Environmental stressors of which people are often unaware

Perfectionism

Expecting superhuman standards

Dealing with anger - Three approaches

Expressing it Suppressing it Calming it

Pessimism

Focusing on negative

Synpathomimetics

Food substances that can produce stresslike physiological responses

Cortisol

Hormone released by the adrenal glands that makes storred nutrients more readily available to meet energy demands

Exhaustion Phase

Hormones, chemicals and systems that trigger and maintain the stress response are depleted allostatic load - exhaustive wear Immunocomptence - the ability of the immunce system to respond to attack is reduced by cortisol Increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases.

Dichotomous Thinking

In which everything is wither black or white

Coping

Managing events or conditions to lessen the physical or psychological evvedts of excess stress

Fight the Anger Urge - Major Sources

Perceived threats Reactions to injustice Fear Faulty emotional reasoning Low frustratin tolerance Unreasonable expectations People rating

Fight or Flight Response

Physiological arousal response in which the body prepares to combat or escape a real or perceived threat

Psychosocial Stressors

Refers to our social and physical environments - they include; adjustment to change hassles interpersonal relationships academic and career pressures frustrations and conflicts overload stressful environments

Cognitive Restruction

Replacing negative thoughts with positive ones The modification of thoughts, ideas, and beliefs that contribute to stress

Should-ing

Repremanding yourself for things that you should have done

Stress Inoculation

Stress management technique in which a person consciously anticipates and prepares for potiential stressors

Distress

Stress that can have a detrimental effect on health; negative stress.

Eustress

Stress that presents opportunities for personal growth; positive stress.

Downshifting

Taking a step back and simplifying a lifestyle that is hectic, packed with pressure and stress, and focused on trying to keep up: also known as voluntary simplicity

Immunocompetence

The ability of the immune system to respond to attack

Resistance Phase

The body tries to return to homeostasis by resisting the alarm responses

Phychological Resilience

The capacity to maintain or regain phychological well-being in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress

Hostility

The cognitive, affective and behavioral tendencies toward anger, distrust, and cynicism

Visualization

The cration of mental images to promote relaxation

Appraisal

The interpretation and evalustion of informatin provided to the brain by the senses

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

The pattern followed in the physiological response to stress, consisting of the alarm, resistance and exhaustion phases.

Adaptive Response

The physiological adjustments the body makes in an attempt to restore homeostasis

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The portion of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions that a person does not normally consciously control

Acute Stress

The short term physiological response to an immediate perceived threat. Intense and last for a short time

Episodic Acute Stress

The state of regularly reacting with wild, acute stress about one thing or another

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

The study of the interrelationship between mind and body on immune system functioning

Procastinate

To intentionally put off doing something

Allostatic Load

Wear and tear on the body caused by prolonged or excessive stress responses. (exhaustive wear and tear on the body)

Alarm Phase

fight or flight autonomic nervous system (ANS) sympathetic nervous system hypothalamus epinephrine - adrenaline cortisol - realeased by adrenaocorticotropic hormone