Chapter 3- The Human Body- A nutrition perspective

After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the lacteals. capillaries. veins.

veins

Peristalsis refers to waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract. back and forth movements along the small intestine that mix chyme with digestive enzymes. the backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus. muscular spasms in the gastrointestinal tract that may cause irritable bowel syndrome.

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.

The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called CCK. RNA. ATP. DNA.

ATP.

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system? Transports nutrients and wastes Detects sensations Controls intellectual functioning Directs movements

Detects sensations Controls intellectual functioning Directs movements

Lymph contains which of the following? Red blood cells Dietary fats Plasma White blood cells

Dietary fats Plasma White blood cells

Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to yield energy? Minerals Vitamins Fat Carbohydrates Protein

Fat Carbohydrates Protein

Preventing pathogens from invading the body is a shared role of which two of the following systems? Nervous system Immune system Muscular system Digestive system

Immune system Digestive system

Which of the following statements about the acidic nature of gastric juice are true? It makes dietary minerals insoluble by preventing their absorption. It partially digests food protein. It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. It halts the biological activity of proteins.

It partially digests food protein. It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. It halts the biological activity of proteins.

List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine Mouth, stomach, small intestine, esophagus, large intestine Esophagus, mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

What is the part of the nervous system that receives information about what is happening within the body and in the outside environment? Myelin sheath Receptors Ureters Stimuli

Receptors

Which of the following substances are present in blood but are NOT present in lymph? Red blood cells Platelets Fluid White blood cells

Red blood cells Platelets

______ of the external anal sphincter allows for elimination. Contraction Relaxation

Relaxation

Identify the parts of the urinary system. Duodenum Urethra Anus Bladder Kidneys

Urethra Bladder Kidneys

The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in breaking down fats. activating some digestive enzymes. making dietary minerals soluble. partially digesting protein.

activating some digestive enzymes. making dietary minerals soluble. partially digesting protein.

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of protease. pepsin. lipase. amylase.

amylase

Feces are expelled from the body through the sphincter of Oddi. lower esophageal sphincter. anal sphincters. ileocecal sphincter.

anal sphincters.

The microbial metabolism of fiber is used ______. as energy for the cells that line the intestine as fuel for producing more ATP to disrupt the balance of gut microbiota

as energy for the cells that line the intestine

The presence of fat in the small intestine causes the release of a hormonal signal that triggers the gallbladder to release ______. chyme bile additional hormones bicarbonate

bile

______ is stored in the gallbladder. Multiple choice question. Lipase Bile Bicarbonate Urine

bile

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the arteries. veins. lacteals. capillaries.

capillaries

Membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles are part of a self-contained, living entity called a(n) organ system. nucleus. cell. organ.

cell

What are common features that all cells share? cytoplasm organelles nucleus (not all cells have a nucleus) membranes

cytoplasm organelles membranes

Which body system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food and the removal of waste? circulatory integumentary digestive endocrine

digestive

Which body system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food and the removal of waste? endocrine digestive circulatory integumentary

digestive

The imbalance of "good" and "bad" microbes in the gut is termed ______. dysbiosis clostridia postbiotics

dysbiosis

For individuals with GERD, gnawing pain in the upper chest is caused by the movement of acid from the stomach into the small intestine. pancreas. esophagus. heart tissue.

esophagus

The digestive system is the body system primarily in charge of regulating metabolism. True False

false

Choose the outcomes of microbial metabolism. fuels the cells that line the intestine synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins creates an imbalance in gut microbiota stimulates the increased production of several hormones

fuels the cells that line the intestine synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins

What is essential for immune system development and maintenance? loose junctions in the cells that line the intestines adequate fiber and fluid intake healthy gut microbiota

healthy gut microbiota

The endocrine system regulates metabolic processes through the action of bile. urine. hormones. enzymes.

hormones.

A healthy gut microbiota profoundly influences ______. the development of osteoporosis immune function weight gain nutrient deficiencies

immune function

Dysbiosis is implicated in several long-term gastrointestinal problems such as ______. irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory bowel disease gallbladder disease

irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory bowel disease

The pain related to GERD is due to irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid. excess gas production in the large intestine. blockage of the bile duct. irritation of the heart muscle by stomach acid.

irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

Put the following digestive organs in the order that they come in contact with food (from top to bottom). Instructions Choice 1 of 5. Stomach toggle button Stomach Choice 2 of 5. Mouth toggle button Mouth Choice 3 of 5. Large intestine toggle button Large intestine Choice 4 of 5. Esophagus toggle button Esophagus Choice 5 of 5. Small intestine toggle button Small intestine

mouth, esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

Where does short-term storage of carbohydrate occur? muscle and liver skin and muscle stomach and small intestine pancreas and liver

muscle and liver

The ______ system is a regulatory system that centrally controls most body functions. digestive nervous integumentary respiratory

nervous

The ______ system is a regulatory system that centrally controls most body functions. integumentary nervous respiratory digestive

nervous

The coordinated muscular contraction that propels food along the gastrointestinal tract is called (blank).

peristalsis

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called segmentation. chyme. peristalsis. bolus.

peristalsis.

A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a ] probiotic. prebiotic.

prebiotic.

The digestive system supports the immune system by activating the intrinsic factor. transporting fats to the immune system. producing hormones to stimulate the white blood cells. preventing pathogens in food from invading the body.

preventing pathogens in food from invading the body.

The starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, is produced by the (blank) and ______. liver salivary glands pancreas stomach

salivary glands pancreas

The main site of nutrient digestion and absorption is the ______ intestine. large small

small

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the pancreas. small intestine. large intestine. stomach.

small intestine

Which digestive organ has a highly folded surface, covered with villi? Large intestine Small intestine

small intestine

Which part of the GI tract absorbs the most nutrients? stomach small intestine colon large intestine

small intestine

The endocrine system is related to nutrition through the production of enzymes that aid in digestion. the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth. the transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body. the regulation of the senses and control of intellectual functions.

the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth.

A collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function is called a(n) (blank)

tissue

A(n) ______ is a group of cells that works together to perform a specific function. organ system organ tissue

tissue

Each kidney is connected to the bladder by a ______. urethra hepatic vein lymphatic vessel ureter

ureter

The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients. True false

false