Chapter 32 ebook quiz, Module 7 Review (eBook Quizzes)

What is the most common mechanism of injury in geriatric patients?

Falls

a fractured femur can result in the loss of ___ or more of blood into soft tissues of the thihg

1 L

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:

14.

what is the approximate blood volume of an 80 kg adult male

5.60 L

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.

7

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct?

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

Distended jugular veins, narrowing pulse pressure, and muffled heart tones are collectively known as _______.

Beck's triad

which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

a person taking blood thinners will experience slower clotting

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: a. 7. b. 8. c. 9. d. 10.

a. 7.

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? a. Compression of the head against the roof b. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash c. Impact of the head against the steering wheel d. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover

a. Compression of the head against the roof

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact. a. door b. dashboard c. windshield d. steering wheel

a. door

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: a. falls and motor vehicle collisions. b. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. c. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections. d. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings

a. falls and motor vehicle collisions.

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: a. the speed of the fall. b. the surface struck. c. the height of the fall. d. the primary impact point.

a. the speed of the fall.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include: a. transport to a trauma center. b. a focused exam of her forearm. c. transport to a community hospital. d. a secondary assessment at the scene.

a. transport to a trauma center.

Pneumothorax is defined as:

accumulation of air in the pleural space

which of the following conditions might an EMT suspect as a possible cause for bleeding from the nose and mouth

all; skull fracture, high blood pressure, sinus infection

a 48 year old male suspected open book pelvic fracture he is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. his respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. there is no external bleeidng noted the emt should

apply a compresion device around his pelvis

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car-versus-pedestrian collision, you should first: a. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle. b. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. c. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage. d. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle.

b. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: a. be involved in trauma prevention programs. b. have general surgeons who are in-house 24 hours a day. c. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes. d. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.

b. have general surgeons who are in-house 24 hours a day.

The energy of a moving object is called: a. latent energy. b. kinetic energy. c. potential energy. d. converted energy.

b. kinetic energy.

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the: a. index of suspicion. b. mechanism of injury. c. kinetic energy. d. potential energy

b. mechanism of injury.

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: a. injury to the cervical spine. b. potential airway compromise. c. damage to internal structures. d. alterations in his mental status.

b. potential airway compromise.

Which of the following statements regarding the first collision that occurs during a motor vehicle crash is correct? a. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. b. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage. c. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. d. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle.

c. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave? a. Severe burns b. Fractured bones c. Stomach rupture d. Impaled objects

c. Stomach rupture

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? a. a 4′8″ patient who fell 12 feet b. a 5′0″ patient who fell 13 feet c. a 4′6″ patient who fell 13 feet d. a 5′9″ patient who fell 14 feet

c. a 4′6″ patient who fell 13 feet

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: a. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient. b. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade. c. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. d. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

c. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: a. underlying cardiac disease. b. a lacerated coronary artery. c. bruising of the heart muscle. d. traumatic rupture of the aorta.

c. bruising of the heart muscle.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: a. the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown. b. the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet. c. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body. d. exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small.

c. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash. a. thoracic and sacral b. lumbar and coccygeal c. thoracic and lumbar d. lumbar and sacral

c. thoracic and lumbar

perfusion is most accurately defined as the

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the organ's metabolic need

a 39 year old male accidently cut his wirst while sharpening his hunting knife. he is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. but is bleeding significantly from the wound you should

control the bleeding with direct pressure

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, EXCEPT for the:

coral snake.

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct? a. Internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict. b. Exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries. c. It is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound. d. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

d. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: a. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. b. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. c. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact. d. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

d. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

in which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control

femoral artery and a blood pressure of 140/90

which of the following is a term for vomited blood

hematemesis

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hematemesis.

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:

increasing the metabolic rate.

bleeding from the nose following head trauma

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped

after applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on teh patients arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. you should

place additional dressings over the wound

a 22 year old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. he is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. your assessment reveals a large are of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. the mos appropriate treatment for this patient includes

preparing for immediate transport

during transport a 40 year old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic you should

repeat the primary assessment

hypoperfusion is another name for

shock

when using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm the emt should

stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.

striated

which part of the cardiovascular system is considered a "container"?

the blood vessels

hypoglycemic shock occurs when

the body cannot compensate for rapid fluid loss

which of the following organs/body systems cannot tolerate lack of blood flow for more than a few minutes

the heart and brain

you arrive at the home of a 50 year old female with severe epistaxis as you are treating her, it is most important to recall that

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspirations

when encountering a suspected bleeding emergency, the most pertinent finding during the SAMPLE history phase of assessment would be that

the patient states that she takes blood thinner medications

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of:

traumatic aortic rupture

The body's ability to move air in and out of the lungs is called _______.

ventilation

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury? A. A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard. B. A skier dislocates his knee after a twisting injury to the ankle. C. A person lands on his or her feet and fractures the lumbar spine. D. A child dislocates his elbow after falling on his outstretched arm.

A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard.

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

Blood Vessels

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his pulse is rapid. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct?

It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly.

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult.

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?

Lightning strikes may cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve.

Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

Linear

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip 2 days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is correct?

Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly.

Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe?

Non displaced pelvic fracture

Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called:

Pleurisy

Most of the ________ system lies behind the digestive tract.

Urinary

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

Urinary bladder

Which of the following statements regarding trauma during pregnancy is correct?

Uterine trauma is likely to cause shock in the pregnant patient.

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?

Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

a poorly placed lap belt.

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

Signs of late heat stroke include:

a weak, rapid pulse.

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

A construction worker's arm was severed just above the elbow when a steel girder fell on it. The stump is covered with a blood-soaked towel. The patient's skin is cool, clammy, and pale. The EMT should:

apply a tourniquet just below the shoulder

An unresponsive trauma patient has a large open abdominal wound with massive external bleeding. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. You should:

apply padded board splints to both sides of the leg.

You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary.

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.

autonomic

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.

You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:

bacterial meningitis.

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

barometric pressure.

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect:

black widow spider bite.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney.

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

Patients with rib fractures will commonly:

breathe rapidly and shallowly

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

causes severe local tissue damage.

The temporary wound channel caused by high-velocity weapons is called _______.

cavitation

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:

cerebellum

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, EXCEPT:

collapsed jugular veins.

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should:

compare it to the uninjured man

You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration?

compression of the aorta and vena cava

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

convection.

A man has a large laceration across his lower abdominal wall and a loop of bowel is protruding from the wound. He is conscious and alert and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. You should:

cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage.

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:

determine if the strength in all extremities is equal.

The MOST important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

establish an adequate airway.

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

exhibit poor thermoregulation

Paradoxical motion is a sign of a _______.

flail chest

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

giving him small sips of plain water.

When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.

head

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:

hematuria.

Damage to solid organs typically leads to _______.

hemorrhage

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicle. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

During your secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

The pliability of the pediatric rib cage _______.

increases the risk of internal injury

The treatment for relieving a tension pneumothorax involves:

inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

Abdominal rigidity and periumbilical bruising are signs of _______.

internal bleeding

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

jaw-thrust maneuver.

Management of evisceration injuries includes _______.

keeping the injury moist and warm

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene.

A high school football player was injured during a tackle and complains of neck and upper back pain. He is conscious and alert and is breathing without difficulty. The EMT should:

leave his helmet and shoulder pads in place.

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

leave the toes exposed

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:

level of consciousness.

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

Hemoptysis indicates damage to the _______.

lungs

Lacerations to the scalp:

may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

The esophagus, trachea, and great vessels reside in the _______.

mediastinum

If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

minute volume will decrease.

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blisters.

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position.

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

move him into the cooled ambulance

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a:

myocardial contusion.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pale skin.

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

pelvis

The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

peripheral

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

point tenderness

A 30-year-old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia following an injury that occurred the day before. The patient's leg is pale and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that:

pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated.

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to:

prevent further injury

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide ventilation assistance with a BVM.

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:

rapid breathing.

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:

reduce pain and swelling

A patient with a chest injury has a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min. Which of the following additional findings should make you suspect a pericardial tamponade?

repeats BP of 92/68 mmHg

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

retrograde amnesia.

The pectoral girdle consists of the:

scapulae and clavicles.

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find:

signs and symptoms of shock.

A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 12 minutes. You should:

splint the elbow in the position found and transport.

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

sprain