Chapter 3.3 - Biology Quiz

T or F Microtubules help to hold organelles in place.

False. Intermediate filaments help to hold organelles in place; microtubules help organelles move from one place to another.

T or F Microtubules assist with muscle contraction.

False. Microfilaments assist with muscle contraction.

T or F Microvilla assist with muscle contraction.

False. Microfilaments assist with muscle contraction.

What are the two primary functions of extracellular matrix?

To hold cells together to form a tissue and to allow cells to communicate with one another.

Chloroplasts help with: a. cell respiration b. cell replication c. photosynthesis d. removal of toxins and waste products from cells

c. photosynthesis

Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear envelope?

rough ER

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

rough and smooth

What are the two broad categories of structures that allow cells to communicate with one another?

Extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions

T or F Cells typically have a greater number of flagella than cilia.

False. Cells typically only have one flagellum that acts as a tail; they have many cilia along all of the plasma membrane.

Name five structures that plant cells have that animal cells do not have.

A cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, plastids, and a large central vacuole.

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate

Name three structures that animal cells have that plant cells do not have.

Centrioles, centrosomes, and lysosomes

T or F Microvilli are fingerlike projections that decrease the surface area of the plasma membrane.

False. Microvilli increase rather than decrease the surface area of the plasma membrane.

T or F A large, central vacuole is typical of animal cells but not plant cells.

False. Plant cells have large, central vacuoles; animal cells do not.

T or F No differences exist in the way plant and animal cells communicate with one another.

False. Plant cells use plasmodesmata to communicate with one another, whereas animal cells use tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

T or F All ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

False. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm and some attach to the inside surface of the plasma membrane.

T or F The cell wall is synonymous with the plasma membrane.

False. The cell wall exists only in plant cells, and it surrounds the plasma membrane to protect the cell.

T or F The combination of RNA and proteins is called chromatin.

False. The combination of DNA and proteins is called chromatin.

T or F The fluid inside lysosomes is more alkaline than the fluid outside lysosomes.

False. The fluid inside lysosomes is more acidic than the fluid outside lysosomes.

T or F All types of extracellular substances can travel through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells.

False. The plasma membrane allows some substances to pass through it, but it prevents other substances from doing this.

T or F The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear envelope.

False. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear envelope.

T or F The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids.

False. The rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids.

T or F The smooth endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins.

False. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids; the rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins.

T or F Vacuoles are smaller than vesicles.

False. Vacuoles are larger than vesicles.

Name two structures within eukaryotic cells that have their own ribosomes and DNA.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

What are the two primary purposes of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Modify proteins and synthesize lipids

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Protein synthesis

What is the purpose of peroxisomes?

They carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids, and they, detoxify many poisons that enter the body.

What is the purpose of chlorophyll?

To capture energy from the sun for photosynthesis

What is the difference between transport vesicles and secretory vesicles exiting the Golgi apparatus?

Transport vesicles deposit their contents into other parts of the cell where they will be used, but secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside the cell.

T or F Chloroplasts are found only in eukaryotic plant and algae cells.

True

T or F Eukaryotic plasma membranes allow for both passive and active passage of substances traveling from the inside to outside or outside to inside of the cell.

True

T or F Every species has a specific number of chromosomes that does not change.

True

T or F Intermediate filaments help to hold organelles in place.

True

T or F Microfilaments assist with muscle contraction.

True

T or F Mitochondria have their own ribosomes and DNA.

True

T or F Plant cells have a very large, centrally-located vacuole.

True

T or F Some proteins modified in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are eventually secreted from the cell.

True

T or F The cytoskeleton is made of protein fibers.

True

T or F The extracellular matrix consists of materials released by an animal cell into the extracellular space.

True

T or F Vesicles and vacuoles are both used for storage and transport of cellular substances.

True.

What is the number of flagella typically present on a single cell? a. 1 b 10 to 20 c. 50 to 100 d. 100 - 200

a. 1

Chromosomes are made up of which fo the following? Select all correct answers. a. DNA b. RNA c. proteins d. ribosomes

a. DNA c. proteins

Ribosomes are found in which of the following? Select all correct answers. a. Prokaryotic cells b. Eukaryotic plant cells c. Eukaryotic animal cells

a. Prokaryotic cells b. Eukaryotic plant cells c. Eukaryotic animal cells

The purpose of lysosomes is to: a. digest food, recycle worn-out organelles, and destroy disease-causing organisms b. replicate RNA c. store energy d. carry vesicles from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum and then to the Golgi apparatus

a. digest food, recycle worn-out organelles, and destroy disease-causing organisms

The function of the nucleus is to: a. house DNA and synthesize ribosomes b. house DNA and synthesize lysosomes c. house DNA and synthesize amino acids d. house DNA and synthesize chromosomes

a. house DNA and synthesize ribosomes

The central vacuole of plant cells is important for: a. hydration of the cell b. reproduction of the cell c. energy storage for the cell d. photosynthesis within the cell

a. hydration of the cell

One purpose of microfilaments is to: a. maintain the structure of the microvilli of the plasma membrane b. maintain the shape of a cell c. move organelles from one place to another within the cytoplasm of a cell d. pull chromosomes to opposite sides of a cell during cell division

a. maintain the structure of the microvilli of the plasma membrane

Which of the following are part of the endomembrane system? Select all correct answers. a. nuclear envelope b. unattached ribosomes c. chloroplast d. lysosomes e. vesicles f. plasma membrane g. central vacuole h. endoplasmic reticulum i. Golgi apparatus

a. nuclear envelope d. lysosomes f. plasma membrane h. endoplasmic reticulum i. Golgi apparatus

Ions, molecules, and RNA pass between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm by way of: a. nuclear pores b. cilia c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. rough endoplasmic reticulum

a. nuclear pores

Which of the following are intercellular junctions used by plant cells? Select all correct answers. a. plasmodesmata b. tight junctions c. gap junctions d. desmosomes

a. plasmodesmata

Which of the following use channels connecting two adjoining cells as a means of communication? Select all correct answers. a. plasmodesmata b. tight junctions c. gap junctions d. desmosomes

a. plasmodesmata c. gap junctions

Where do transport vesicles expelled from the rough endoplasmic reticulum go? a. to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. to the Golgi apparatus c. to the nucleoplasm d. to the ribosomes

a. to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoplasm is mostly a. water b. proteins c. microtubules d. DNA

a. water

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells are composed of a. a single layer of phospholipids b. a phospholipid bilayer c. two phospholipid bilayers d. three phospholipid bilayers

b. a phospholipid bilayer

The function of the nucleolus is to: a. protect the cell's DNA b. combine RNA with proteins to form ribosomal subunits that pass through the nuclear pores and into the cytoplasm c. perform DNA replication d. provide a structural framework for the nucleus e. form the transport vesicles that carry ribosomes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

b. combine RNA with proteins to form ribosomal subunits that pass through the nuclear pores and into the cytoplasm

The cytoskeleton functions to do which of the following? Select all correct answers. a. move substances across the exterior surface of the plasma membrane b. help the cell maintain its shape c. hold organelles in certain positions d. all cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell e. remove toxins from the interior to the exterior of the cell f. remove toxins from the extracellular fluid

b. help the cell maintain its shape c. hold organelles in certain positions d. all cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell

The pH inside lysosomes is: a. higher than that of the cytoplasm b. lower than that of the cytoplasm c. equal to that of the cytoplasm

b. lower than that of the cytoplasm This makes the inside of lysosomes more acidic than cytoplasm

A purpose of intermediate filaments is to: a. maintain the structure of the microvilli of the plasma membrane b. maintain the shape of a cell c. move organelles from one place to another within the cytoplasm of a cell d. pull chromosomes to opposite sides of a cell during cell division

b. maintain the shape of a cell

A cell's DNA is stored in the: a. ribosomes b. nucleus c. plasma membrane d. lysosomes

b. nucleus

Cytoplasm includes which of the following? Select all correct answers. a. the nucleus b. organelles c. cell membrane d. cytosol e. the nuclear envelope f. the cytoskeleton

b. organelles d. cytosol f. the cytoskeleton

ATP is made in what part of cells? a. the nucleus b. the mitochondria c. the lysosome d. the Golgi apparatus e. the endoplasmic reticulum

b. the mitochondria

Which organelle is the "energy factory" of cells? a. the nucleus b. the mitochondria c. the lysosome d. the Golgi apparatus e. the endoplasmic reticulum

b. the mitochondria

Which of the following are intercellular junctions used by animal cells? Select all correct answers. a. plasmodesmata b. tight junctions c. gap junctions d. desmosomes

b. tight junctions c. gap junctions d. desmosomes

Which of the following serve to join adjacent cell walls as a means of communication? Select all correct answers. a. plasmodesmata b. tight junctions c. gap junctions d. desmosomes

b. tight junctions d. desmosomes

Which of the following are the purposes of the cell wall? Select all correct answers. a. to help the cell move from one place to another b. to protect the cell c. to provide structural support for the cell d. to give shape to the cell

b. to protect the cell c. to provide structural support for the cell d. to give shape to the cell

How many chromosomes are there is the human body? a. 12 b. 23 c. 46 d. 82

c. 46 (23 pairs)

The wilting of a plant is indicative of: a. a loss of chlorophyll b. a disease process affecting the plant c. a loss of water in the vacuole d. more than one of the above

c. a loss of water in the vacuole

Which of the following are primary components of the extracellular matrix? Select all correct answers. a. cilia b. carbohydrates c. glycoproteins d. collagen e. amino acids

c. glycoproteins d. collagen

Transport vesicles contain: a. amino acids b. chromosomes c. lipids and proteins d. strands of RNA

c. lipids and proteins

What organelle serves the function of "garbage disposal" for animal cells? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. lysosome d. Golgi apparatus e. endoplasmic reticulum

c. lysosome

Flagella and cilia are examples of: a. microfilaments b. intermediate filaments c. microtubules

c. microtubules

Which type of cytoskeleton fiber is a hollow tube? a. microfilaments b. intermediary filaments c. microtubules

c. microtubules

A primary purpose of cilia is to: a. move organelles from one location within a cell to another b. move transport vesicles within the cytoplasm of a cell c. move extracellular substances along the outer surface of the plasma membrane d. move chromosomes to opposite sides of a cell during cell division

c. move extracellular substances along the outer surface of the plasma membrane

Chromatin is located in the cell's: a. cytoplasm b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. nucleoplasm d. nuclear envelope

c. nucleoplasm

The nuclear envelope is composed of a. a single layer of phospholipids b. a phospholipid bilayer c. two phospholipid bilayers d. three phospholipid bilayers

c. two phospholipid bilayers

The formation of ATP from the breakdown of glucose is known as what?

cellular respiration

What causes the green pigment in chloroplasts?

chlorophyll

The function the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells is to a. regulate the amount of water stored in vacuoles of plant cells b. generate and store energy for a cell c. detoxify the many poisons that enter the body d. modify, package, and transcript lipids and proteins

d. modify, package, and transcript lipids and proteins

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells has what type of molecule embedded in it? a. lipids b. nucleic acids c. flagelli d. proteins

d. proteins

A purpose of microtubules is to: a. maintain the structure of the microvilli of the plasma membrane b. maintain the shape of a cell c. help muscle cells contract d. pull chromosomes to opposite sides of a cell during cell division

d. pull chromosomes to opposite sides of a cell during cell division

What organelle is responsible for detoxifying alcohol in the body? a. the mitochondria b. the lysosomes c. the Golgi apparatus d. the peroxisomes

d. the peroxisomes

What makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum "rough?" a. the presence of nuclear pores b. the presence of cilia c. the presence of intermediary filaments d. the presence of ribosomes

d. the presence of ribosomes

What are three functions of lysosomes?

digest food, recycle worn-out organelles, and destroy disease-causing organisms

Which of the following refers to the hollow portion of the endoplasmic reticulum? a. lumen b. vacuole c. microtubule d. cisternal space e. more than one of the above

e. more than one of the above Both "a" (lumen) and "d" (cisternal space) are correct.

The large central vacuole of plant cells contains mostly: a. phospholipids b. chlorophyll c. amino acids d. nucleic acids e. water

e. water

What are the three types of cytoskeleton fibers?

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Order the types of cytoskeleton fibers from largest to smallest.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

What structure within animal cells functions to organize microtubules?

the centrosome