Chapter 4

Place the following stages of child development on the timeline in chronological order, according to George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self.

1. Preparatory 2. Play 3. Game: This is the third stage in Mead's theory at which children play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other. These stages are part of George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self. According to Mead, seeing the perspective of the generalized other leads to the development of the self.

Match each sociological concept to the corresponding example of racial socialization within Black families.

A Black family moves to a predominantly white neighborhood. Environment management A Black child enrolls in violin lessons, hockey, and a French immersion school. Experience management A mother forbids hoodies and low-hanging jeans, saying, "People will think you're a thug!" Appeals to respectability politics

Identify the most predominant agents of socialization.

Correct Answer(s) peers the media the family schools Incorrect Answer(s) hospitals churches businesses

Which of the following are examples of role-taking emotions?

Example(s) You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday. You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer. Not Example(s) You feel hurt that your friend did not invite you to a party tonight. You feel excited about the semester coming to an end.

Which of the following are examples of socialization?

Example(s) of Socialization A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke. Not Example(s) of Socialization A passenger sits down on a subway car.

Emotional labor is the process of helping to manage the emotions of others in order to neutralize emotionally charged situations.

False: Emotional labor is the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing your own feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion.

Match each term to the appropriate role scenario.

Fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester. role A straight-A student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying. role conflict A straight-A student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades. role exit

What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?

Life is essentially a play: Dramaturgical theory suggests that social life is like a play, with actors, scripts, costumes and sets, all "performed" on a metaphorical stage.

Match each agent of socialization to the corresponding scenario.

Mia values equality between spouses because that is what she observed between her two parents. the family Aidan insists on wearing certain brands and styles because he wants to fit in with his friends. peers Amalia sees herself as overweight because she compares her body to bodies she sees on social media. media Boipelo can read and write because a teacher instructed her in these skills; although, her parents cannot read or write. schools

Which statement captures a major point Sherry Turkle makes about communication in her latest book, Reclaiming Conversation?

Online communication reduces our ability to conduct meaningful face-to-face communication. Turkle suggests that when we replace face-to-face communication with tweets, texts, and snaps, our ability to conduct meaningful face-to-face communication atrophies and, with it, our capacity for empathy.

Psychoanlaysis

Psychoanlaysis stems from Freud's theory of the unconscious mind as composed of an interrelated system (id, ego, superego) that underlies human behavior; personality develops through psychosexual stages.

Public elementary and secondary schools in the United States were first established in the BLANK. At first, attendance was BLANK. Beyond the original goals of schooling, such as educating citizens and BLANK, schools now have greater roles, which include physical education and discipline.

Public elementary and secondary schools in the United States were first established in the 1800s. At first, attendance was uneven. Beyond the original goals of schooling, such as educating citizens and maintaining democracy, schools now have greater roles, which include physical education and discipline.

The introduction to this chapter discusses two types of Instagram accounts: "rinsta" (real Instagram) and "finsta" (fake Instagram). Identify the descriptions as either "rinsta" or "finsta" accounts.

Rinsta viewable to close friends, acquaintances, and even people the user has never met feature the filtered version of who you are and how you want to be seen Finsta likely include inside jokes and unflattering selfies may represent a more genuine depiction of your true self

Sociobiology is a branch of science that uses biology and evolution to explain BLANK. The basic nature vs. nurture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologists who suggest that genes and environment BLANK to influence behavior. The latest work in this area suggests that BLANK context can significantly alter the way a gene expresses itself.

Sociobiology is a branch of science that uses biology and evolution to explain social behavior. The basic nature vs. nurture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologists who suggest that genes and environment interact to influence behavior. The latest work in this area suggests that social and environmental context can significantly alter the way a gene expresses itself.

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

Students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members. The hidden curriculum is considered to be the values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling because of the structure of the educational system and the teaching methods used.

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by a BLANK, while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by BLANK. A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role BLANK. A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role BLANK.

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by a single role, while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by different roles. A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role strain. A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role conflict.

The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works.

True

We often speak of BLANK with our friends, yet this idea is only part of what sociologists mean by BLANK. Socialization is a twofold process. It includes the process by which a BLANK, culture, or group teaches individuals to become functioning members, and the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of the group.

We often speak of socializing with our friends, yet this idea is only part of what sociologists mean by socialization. Socialization is a twofold process. It includes the process by which a society, culture, or group teaches individuals to become functioning members, and the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of the group.

Match each term to the correct definition.

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role role strain experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations role conflict the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status role a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations status

If adolescents share ___________ with others, they are most likely to form peer subcultures with them.

interests

Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor?

race: Louwanda Evans's Cabin Pressure: African American Pilots, Flight Attendants and Emotional Labor (2011) adds a new dimension—race—to Hochschild's concept of emotional labor. Black pilots work in a setting dominated by white men (less than 1 percent of commercial airline pilots are Black), and Black flight attendants work in a setting dominated by white women (about 14 percent of flight attendants are Black) (2011, p. 6). This means that in addition to the emotional labor expected of all crew members, Black crew members must manage their own and their passengers' emotions around race, racialized stereotypes, and other types of race-based expectations.

What is the definition of socialization?

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society