Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function

The cytoplasm is best described as: - the phospholipid bilayer which regulates the transport of substances into and out of a cell - the semifluid solution composed of water, organic and inorganic molecules inside the plasma membrane - the polysaccharides layer external to the cell wall which functions to adhere bacteria to surfaces, and protect against drying

- the semifluid solution composed of water, organic and inorganic molecules inside the plasma membrane

What is the function of the contractile vacuoles found in protists? - excretion of waste - storage of carbohydrates - toxic chemical disposal - removal of excess water

- removal of excess water

The system of membranous saccules that is studded with ribosomes and capable of producing proteins is the: - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - centrosome - rough endoplasmic reticulum

- rough endoplasmic reticulum

Identify the shapes of these bacteria. A B C D - bacillus - spirillum - spirochete - coccus

- spirillum - spirochete - coccus - bacillus

Identify the roles that vacuoles play in the plant cells. - store water - store spores - store salts - store toxins

- store water - store salts - store toxins

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called the _____________. - nucleolus - cytoplasm - nucleoplasm - nucleus

- nucleoplasm

Select the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum: - production of lipids - protein synthesis - detoxification

- production of lipids - detoxification

Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? - produce ATP - store water and nutrients - provide structural support - cell shape - intracellular transport

- provide structural support - cell shape - intracellular transport

What is the pattern of microtubule arrangement in a centriole? - 9+2 microtubule triplets - 9+0 microtubule triplets - 9+0 microtubule pairs

- 9+0 microtubule triplets

Which of the following are functions of the peroxisomes? - Breakdown fatty acids - Breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen - Dispose of debris and bacteria

- Breakdown fatty acids - Breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Identify the following plant cell organelles: A: B: C: D: E: - Chloroplast - Central vacuole - Golgi apparatus - Mitochondrion - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

- Central vacuole - Chloroplast - Mitochondrion - Golgi apparatus - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Select the components of the endomembrane system. - Golgi apparatus - mitochondria - vesicles - endoplasmic reticulum - nuclear envelope

- Golgi apparatus - vesicles - endoplasmic reticulum - nuclear envelope

Both cilia and flagella are composed of what type of cytoskeletal component? - Microfilaments - Microtubules - Intermediate filaments

- Microtubules

Identify the organelles shown: A B C D E - Golgi apparatus - Cytoplasm - Cytoplasm - Mitochondrion - Centrioles - Centrosome

- Mitochondrion - Golgi apparatus - Cytoplasm - Cytoplasm - Centrioles - Centrosome

Identify the main components of the cell envelope. - Mitochondria - Plasma membrane - Glycocalyx - Cell wall

- Plasma membrane - Glycocalyx - Cell wall

Match each bacterial appendage with its function: Flagella: Fimbriae: Conjugation pilus: - Tubular structures used to pass DNA between cells - Protein extension used for locomotion - Small bristle-like fibers used to adhere to surfaces

- Protein extension used for locomotion - Small bristle-like fibers used to adhere to surfaces - Tubular structures used to pass DNA between cells

Which of the following products is produced in the nucleolus? - DNA - Proteins - Smooth ER - Ribosomal RNA

- Ribosomal RNA

Which cell structure is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - Golgi apparatus - Nucleus - Central vacuole - Ribosome

- Ribosome

List the sequence of events that may occur within the endomembrane system in the correct order as they would occur with the first event placed at the top. - Secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane - Protein packaged into transport vesicle - Rough ER synthesizes protein - Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages protein into secretory vesicle

- Rough ER synthesizes protein - Protein packaged into transport vesicle - Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages protein into secretory vesicle - Secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane

On average, all cells are approximately that same size whether they are found in elephants or beetles. What is the best explanation for why cells are so small? - smaller cells have the capacity to reproduce more rapidly. - Small size allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the surrounding environment. - smaller cells require less energy. - smaller cells are more efficient in using the energy obtained from nutrients.

- Small size allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the surrounding environment.

A highly condensed sequence of DNA that is a carrier of genetic information is called ______________. - a plasmid - a chromosome - a nucleolus - chromatin

- a chromosome

Identify these structures of a typical prokaryotic cell: A B C - capsule - fimbriae - nucleoid

- capsule - nucleoid - fimbriae

What structure maintains the shape of a cell? - cell capsule - nucleus - plasma membrane - cell wall

- cell wall

The three basic tenets of the cell theory state that: - cells only come from preexisting cells - cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic - cells are the basic unit of structure and function - cells spontaneously generate from nonliving matter - all organisms are composed of cells

- cells only come from preexisting cells - cells are the basic unit of structure and function - all organisms are composed of cells

Select the two choices that relate to prokaryotes when comparing them to eukaryotes. - less complex - more complex - smaller - larger

- less complex - smaller

Identify the functions of the central vacuole in plants. - maintains turgor pressure - breakdown toxic waste products - provides support for the cell

- maintains turgor pressure - provides support for the cell

Select all of the choices that correctly describe cilia. - they are shorter than flagella - they are typically limited to one per cell - they have 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules - Their microtubular structure is very different from that of flagella.

- they are shorter than flagella - they have 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into membranous organelles called __________. - ribosomes - chromosomes - vesicles - centrosomes

- vesicles

Identify the organelles shown: A B C D E - Nucleus - Nucleolus - Smooth endoplasmic - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Polyribosome

A: Nucleus B: Nucleolus C: Rough endoplasmic reticulum D: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum E: Polyribosome

Identify the components of a chloroplast. A B C - granum - stroma - outer membrane

A: granum B: stroma C: outer membrane

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from molecules of ___________ to molecules of ________ to ___________ molecules.

DNA, RNA, protein

Match the following organelles which are involved with energy transformations with the correct description: Mitochondria: Chloroplast: - Convert solar energy, carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate and oxygen - Convert solar energy, carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate and oxygen

Mitochondria: - Convert carbohydrate and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and ATP Chloroplast: - Convert solar energy, carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate and oxygen

True or False: The number of mitochondria varies per cell.

True: The number of mitochondria contained within a cell reflects the energy needs of the cell.

The smallest unit of life which is composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane:

cell

What process occurs in the mitochondrion? - protein synthesis - cellular respiration - photosynthesis

cellular respiration

Photosynthesis occurs in the cellular organelle called the _____________.

chloroplast

The internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is called the __________________.

cytoskeleton

The locomotor organelle found on human sperm cells is called a ____________.

flagellum

A colorless plastid which functions to synthesize and store starches and oil is called a ______________.

leucoplast.

A vesicle produced by the Golgi apparatus:

lysosomes

The term for the semifluid materials enclosed by a mitochondrions inner membrane is ___________.

matrix

The double membrane that surround the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and separates it from the cytoplasm is called the ___________ __________.

nuclear envelope

An opening in the nuclear envelope that allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus is called a __________ _________.

nuclear pore

In a eukaryotic cell most of the genetic material is located in the ___________. - ribosome - centriole - nucleus - nucleoid

nucleus

Internal membrane-bound compartments located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are called ____________.

organelles

The cell structure that regulates the flow of materials in and out of the cell is called the _____________ membrane.

plasma

A small extrachromosomal piece of circular DNA found in some bacteria is called a _______________.

plasmid

The cell structure that is composed of rRNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis is the ______________.

ribosome

In a chloroplast, chlorophyll is located in the ___________ membrane.

thylakoid