Chapter 4: Linguistic Anthropology

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proto-language

A hypothetical common ancestral language of two or more living languages

creole language

a language of mixed origin that has developed from a complex blending of two parent languages that exists as a mother tongue for some part of the population

pidgin language

a mixed language with simplified grammar, typically borrowing its vocabulary from one language but its grammar from another

language

a system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar

philology

comparative study of ancient texts and documents

syntax

pattern of word order used to form sentences and longer utterances in a language

call systems

patterned sounds or utterances that express meaning

linguistic relativity

the idea that people speaking different languages perceive or interpret the world differently because of differences in their languages

morphology

the structure for words and word formation in a language

ethnoscience

the study of how people classify things in the world, usually by considering some range or set of meanings

sociolinguistics

the study of how sociocultural context and norms shape language use and the effects of language use on society

descriptive linguistics

the systematic analysis and description of a language's sound system and grammar

phonology

the systematic pattern of sounds in a language, also known as the language's sound system

language ideology

widespread assumptions that people make about the relative sophistication and status of particular dialects

cognate words

words in two languages that show the same systematic sound shifts as other words in the two languages, usually interpreted by linguists as evidence for a common linguistic ancestry


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