Chapter 4 Practice Questions

You would normally expect to find ________ epithelium in the kidney tubules. A) simple squamous B) simple cuboidal C) stratified squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar

B) simple cuboidal

The blood-brain barrier is a specialized epithelium that prevents many materials from passing from the blood into the brain. The cell connections most likely present between the cells forming this barrier are A) desmosomes. B) gap junctions. C) tight junctions. D) plasma junctions. E) Both "desmosomes" and "gap junctions" are correct.

C) tight junctions.

You would normally expect to find ________ epithelium lining blood vessels. A) simple squamous B) simple cuboidal C) stratified squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar

A) simple squamous

Which of these characteristics of membranes is CORRECT? A) Mucous membranes line internal body cavities. B) Serous membranes produce fluid that is secreted into the blood. C) Most multicellular membranes consist of two layers of tissue (epithelial and connective). D) Serous membranes are found lining the digestive and excretory systems. E) Serous membranes are found lining the retroperitoneal organs.

C) Most multi-cellular membranes consist of two layers of tissue (epithelial and connective).

Which kind of connective tissue cells is NOT correctly matched with its function? A) -blast cells—make holes in extracellular matrix. B) -clast cells—break down the extracellular matrix. C) -cyte cells—maintain the extracellular matrix. D) Mast cells—release chemicals promoting inflammation. E) Macrophages—move about and ingest foreign substances

A) blast cells — make holes in extracellular matrix

The connective tissue that composes tendons and ligaments is A) dense collagenous connective tissue. B) hyaline cartilage. C) fibrocartilage. D) elastic cartilage. E) loose or areolar connective tissue.

A) dense collagenous connective tissue.

Which of the following is NOT an example of age-related changes in tissue? A) Cell division is slower. B) Red blood cell synthesis decreases. C) Injuries require more time to heal. D) Collagen fibers decrease in number, yet become more flexible. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following characteristics of tissues and cells would aid in diffusion or the movement of materials into and out of the body through the epithelium? A) Multiple layers of relatively flat, thin cells B) A single layer of relatively flat, thin cells C) Multiple layers of cuboidal cells D) A single layer of cuboidal cells E) Multiple layers of columnar cells

a single layer of relatively flat, thin cells

Connective tissue cells whose names contain the suffix -blast A) produce matrix. B) maintain the matrix. C) break down the matrix for remodeling. D) ingest foreign substances through phagocytosis. E) are non-motile cells that release histamines and other chemicals to promote inflammation

A) produce matrix.

Connective tissue cells whose names contain the suffix -cyte A) produce matrix. B) maintain the matrix. C) break down the matrix for remodeling. D) ingest foreign substances through phagocytosis. E) are non-motile cells that release histamines and other chemicals to promote inflammation.

B) maintain the matrix

Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and others do not, is classified as A) simple columnar epithelium. B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) transitional epithelium. E) simple squamous epithelium.

B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Which one of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue? A) Protects underlying structures B) Secretes and absorbs substances C) Cushions and insulates D) Acts as a barrier E) Permits passage of substances

C) Cushions and insulates

________ are located in the walls of the stomach and small intestine. A) Skeletal muscle cells B) Cardiac muscle cells C) Smooth muscle cells D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells E) Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells

C) Smooth muscle cells

Synovial membranes A) produce synovial fluid. B) line the inside of joint cavities. C) make the joint very slippery. D) reduce friction, allowing for smooth movement within the joint. E) All of the choices are correct

E) All of the choices are correct

Which of the following fiber types is NOT correctly paired with its function? A) Collagen—flexible, resists stretching. B) Reticular—forms a supporting network between cells. C) Elastic—allows for consistent stretch and recoil. D) Collagen—gives tissue its strength. E) All of the choices are correct

E) All of the choices are correct

Stratified epithelial tissues A) have a single layer of cells and a basement membrane. B) have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of materials into the body. C) aid in the movement of materials into the body. D) are found in areas of the body where abrasions can occur. E) Both "have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of materials into the body" and "are found in areas of the body where abrasions can occur" are correct.

have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of materials into the body and are found in areas of the body where abrasions can occur are correct.

Connective tissue cells whose names contain the suffix -clast A) produce matrix. B) maintain the matrix. C) break down the matrix for remodeling. D) ingest foreign substances through phagocytosis. E) are non-motile cells that release histamines and other chemicals to promote inflammation

C) break down the matrix for remodeling.

Basement membranes A) function as a filter and a barrier to cell or pathogen movement. B) attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue. C) are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the underlying tissue. D) All of the choices are correct.

D) All of the choices are correct.

Which of these is NOT one of the four basic tissue types? A) Glandular B) Connective C) Muscle D) Epithelium E) Nervous

A) Glandular

________ cells are unicellular glands that produce mucus. A) Goblet B) Blast C) Germ D) Mast E) Adipose

A) Goblet

________ are cells within nervous tissue that are responsible for conducting action potentials. A) Neurons B) Glia C) Fibroblasts D) Goblet cells

A) Neurons

During tissue repair, the clot is first replaced by ________, a delicate connective tissue that consists of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries. A) granulation tissue B) phagocytic tissue C) dense connective tissue D) fibrin tissue E) pus

A) granulation tissue

You would normally expect to find ________ epithelium in the outer layer of skin. A) simple squamous B) simple cuboidal C) stratified squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar

C) stratified squamous

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about epithelial tissue? A) Epithelial tissue is vascular. B) Epithelial tissue provides physical protection for organs. C) Epithelial tissue functions in absorption and secretion. D) Epithelial tissue controls the permeability into and out of an area or organ. E) Epithelial tissue consists almost entirely of cells, with very little extracellular material between them, thereby forming a barrier against entry into the body.

A) Epithelial tissue is vascular.

In which of the following types of epithelial tissues would the movement of materials into or out of the body be fastest? A) Simple squamous epithelial tissue B) Stratified squamous epithelial tissue C) Simple columnar epithelial tissue D) Stratified columnar epithelial tissue E) Transitional epithelial tissue

A) Simple squamous epithelial tissue

Cells of the epidermis are mechanically linked together via ________, which, together with a network of fine proteins and intercellular cement, connect the cell membranes of the two cells. A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) voltage gated ion channels

A) desmosomes

Your significant other is an amazing chef. When you come home from lecture, the smell of whatever she or he is cooking makes you salivate as soon as you step in the door. Your saliva is being secreted from what type of gland? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Unicellular (goblet cells) D) Paracrine E) Exocrine and endocrine

A) exocrine

You would normally expect to find ________ epithelium in the alveoli of lungs. A) simple squamous B) simple cuboidal C) stratified squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar

A) simple squamous

Which of the types of epithelial free surfaces is correctly matched with its function? A) Smooth—decreases friction B) With microvilli—cell moves from place to place C) Ciliated—increased surface area D) All of the choices are correct.

A) smooth — decreases friction

Cell connections that bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers are called A) tight junctions. B) gap junctions. C) desmosomes. D) plasma junctions. E) tonosomes.

A) tight junctions.

________ are joined to each other by structures called intercalated disks. A) Skeletal muscle cells B) Cardiac muscle cells C) Smooth muscle cells D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells E) Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells

B) Cardiac muscle cells

Which of the following would NOT lead to an increase in the strength and compression resistance of a connective tissue? A) Increasing the number of collagen fibers in the matrix B) Decreasing the number of collagen fibers in the matrix C) Increasing the concentration of proteoglycans in the ground substance D) Aligning the fibers in the matrix in direction of most stress or force E) All of the choices are correct.

B) Decrease the number of collagen fibers in the matrix.

________ are small channels that allow materials to pass from one epithelial cell to another. A) Tight junctions B) Gap junctions C) Desmosomes D) Hemidesmosomes

B) Gap junctions

________ covers ends of bones at joints. A) Dense collagenous connective tissue B) Hyaline cartilage C) Fibrocartilage D) Elastic cartilage E) Loose or areolar connective tissue

B) Hyaline cartilage

Which of these comparisons between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle is NOT correct? A) Smooth muscle cells are tapered at each end; skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical. B) Smooth muscle cells are under voluntary control; skeletal muscle cells are under involuntary control. C) Smooth muscle forms the walls of hollow organs except the heart; skeletal muscle attaches to the skeleton. D) Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus; skeletal muscle cells have many. E) Smooth muscle cells have no striations; skeletal muscle cells have striations.

B) Smooth muscle cells are under voluntary control; skeletal muscle is involuntary.

The iris of the eye is the colored part of the eye and is composed of muscle tissue. Select the statement below that best explains the type of muscle tissue that makes up the iris. A) The iris is cardiac muscle, because cardiac muscle is the only involuntary muscle type. B) The iris is smooth muscle, because it is involuntary muscle that is not located in the heart. C) The iris is skeletal muscle, because skeletal muscle is involuntary muscle tissue.

B) The iris is smooth muscle, because it is involuntary muscle that is not located in the heart.

When you get sunburn after a day at the beach, which of the following membranes have you damaged? A) serous B) cutaneous C) peritoneal D) synovial E) pleural

B) cutaneous

The tracheal rings are composed of A) dense collagenous connective tissue. B) hyaline cartilage. C) fibrocartilage. D) elastic cartilage. E) loose or areolar connective tissue.

B) hyaline cartilage.

Endocrine glands A) have ducts. B) secrete hormones. C) secrete substances onto a surface or into an organ. D) Both "secrete hormones" and "secrete substances onto a surface or into an organ" are correct. E) All of the choices are correct.

B) secrete hormones.

________ forms the disks between vertebrae. A) Dense collagenous connective tissue B) Hyaline cartilage C) Fibrocartilage D) Elastic cartilage E) Loose or areolar connective tissue

C) Fibrocartilage

Which of these connective tissue types is NOT correctly matched with its description? A) Adipose tissue—very little extracellular matrix; cells filled with lipids B) Bone—hard connective tissue with mineralized matrix C) Dense collagenous connective tissue—widely separated collagen fibers running in random directions D) Fibrocartilage—more collagen and less ground substance than hyaline cartilage E) Blood—liquid matrix

C) dense collagenous connective tissue — widely separated collagen fibers running in random

Two types of phagocytic cells involved in tissue repair are A) fibroblasts and chondrocytes. B) epithelial cells and fibroblasts. C) neutrophils and macrophages. D) clots and scabs. E) dead cells and live cells.

C) neutrophils and macrophages.

In regeneration, A) a new type of tissue develops, causing the loss of some function. B) new cells of a different tissue type develop, and normal function is restored. C) new cells of the same type are created, and normal function is usually restored. D) the damaged cells repair themselves perfectly, restoring function. E) viable cells are replaced by dead cells.

C) new cells of the same type are created, and normal function is usually restored.

Major components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue include A) protein fibers, carbohydrates, and lipids. B) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and proteins. C) protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid. D) ground substance, glycoproteins, and phospholipids. E) ground substance, carbohydrates, and fluid.

C) protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid.

The most correct classification of an epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of cells, in which the outer layers are flat and thin and the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar, is A) simple columnar epithelium. B) pseudostratified epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) transitional epithelium. E) simple squamous epithelium

C) stratified squamous epithelium.

Heavy smoking destroys pseudostratified ciliated epithelium in the trachea ("windpipe"). Which of these conditions might occur in the trachea if replacement epithelial cells are not ciliated? A) Accumulation of mucus in the trachea B) Accumulation of foreign particles in the trachea C) Increased coughing. D) All of the choices are correct.

D) All of the choices are correct.

Hemidesmosomes A) anchor cells to the basement membrane. B) are found in epithelium that is subjected to a high degree of stress. C) are a modified form of a desmosomes. D) All of the choices are correct. E) None of the choices are correct

D) All of these are correct

Which of the following statements about transitional epithelium is FALSE? A) Transitional epithelium has cells that change shape when the tissue is stretched. B) Transitional epithelium is found in the lining of the urinary bladder, the ureters, and the superior urethra. C) Transitional epithelium is pseudostratified. D) As transitional epithelium is stretched, the number of cell layers decreases. E) Transitional epithelium is found in cavities that can expand greatly in volume.

D) As transitional epithelium is stretched, the number of cell layers decreases.

________ are striated. A) Skeletal muscle cells B) Cardiac muscle cells C) Smooth muscle cells D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells E) Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells

D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

Which of these does NOT occur because of increased permeability of blood vessels during the inflammatory process? A) Neutrophils move into the injured tissue. B) Edema, or swelling, of the tissues occurs. C) Fibrin diffuses into tissues and forms a fibrous network in the extracellular space. D) Pus leaks out of blood vessels. E) Increased fluid in the tissues causes increased tissue pressure, which causes pain.

D) Pus leaks out of blood vessels.

The lenses of the eyes are composed of many proteins. The flexibility of the lenses allows for changes in their shape and these shape changes are important to the ability to focus on viewed objects. Based on your understanding of how aging affects the extracellular matrix, why is it not surprising that older individuals have difficulty in viewing near objects? A) The flexibility of the lenses increases as protein in the lenses become irregular. B) The cells of the lenses increase in number, causing the lenses to become more opaque. C) The lenses become smaller in diameter as the proteins increase in number. D) The lenses become less flexible as proteins become more irregular and less flexible. E) All of the choices are correct.

D) The lenses become less flexible as proteins become more irregular and less flexible.

A tissue sample is examined and found to have an extensive mineralized extracellular matrix. The cells are scattered within the matrix. This sample is ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) loose connective C) muscle D) bone E) None of the choices are correct.

D) bone

A gland with branching ducts that expand into saclike structures is a A) simple tubular endocrine gland. B) simple acinar exocrine gland. C) compound tubular exocrine gland. D) compound acinar exocrine gland. E) compound tubular endocrine gland

D) compound acinar exocrine gland.

The connective tissue that makes up the external ear is A) dense collagenous connective tissue. B) hyaline cartilage. C) fibrocartilage. D) elastic cartilage. E) loose or areolar connective tissue.

D) elastic cartilage.

The supportive cells of the nervous system are called ________. A) dendrites B) cell bodies C) axons D) glia E) neurons

D) glia

You would normally expect to find ________ epithelium in the urinary bladder. A) simple squamous B) simple cuboidal C) stratified squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar

D) transitional

Epithelial cells that appear cube-like when an organ is relaxed, and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid, are classified as A) simple columnar epithelium. B) pseudostratified epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) transitional epithelium. E) simple squamous epithelium.

D) transitional epithelium.

Epithelial cells A) cover body surfaces or form glands. B) usually have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells. C) have a basement membrane that attaches to underlying tissues. D) can be somewhat far away from any blood vessel. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of the choices are correct.

The presence of chemical mediators of inflammation results in A) vasodilation of blood vessels. B) increased permeability of blood vessels. C) pain. D) symptoms of redness and heat. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of the choices are correct.

Understanding tissue structure and function is important because A) there is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type (how it is organized) and its function (what it does). B) there is a relationship between tissue structure and organ function. C) many diseases and pathologies are tissue and cell type specific. D) changes at the tissue level affect the function of organs. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of the choices are correct.

The major symptoms of inflammation include A) redness and swelling. B) heat. C) pain. D) disturbance of function. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of these are symptoms of inflammation.

Which of these epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function? A) Simple squamous epithelium—diffusion or filtration B) Stratified squamous epithelium—protection from abrasion C) Simple cuboidal epithelium—active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion D) Simple columnar epithelium—secretion or absorption E) All the choices are correct.

E) All these are correctly paired.

Following an injury, chemicals are released or activated in the injured tissues. These chemicals, called chemical mediators, include A) histamine. B) neutrophils. C) prostaglandins. D) pus. E) Both "histamine" and "prostaglandins" are correct

E) Both "histamine" and "prostaglandins" are correct

________ usually contain only a single nucleus. A) Skeletal muscle cells B) Cardiac muscle cells C) Smooth muscle cells D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells E) Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells

E) Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells

When new, viable cells replace dead cells, the process is called A) remuneration. B) fibrosis. C) regeneration. D) reunification. E) Both "fibrosis" and "regeneration" are correct.

E) Either replacement or regeneration is equally correct.

Connective tissue A) joins together cells and tissues and transports substances. B) provides a supporting framework for the body. C) is characterized by large amounts of extracellular matrix. D) Both "joins together cells and tissues and transports substances" and "is characterized by large amounts of extracellular matrix E) All of the choices are correct.

E) has all of these characteristics.

The connective tissue that covers muscles, glands, and nerves is A) dense collagenous connective tissue. B) hyaline cartilage. C) fibrocartilage. D) elastic cartilage. E) loose or areolar connective tissue.

E) loose or areolar connective tissue.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of cardiac muscle? A) Striated B) Branching fibers C) Intercalated disks present. D) Under involuntary (unconscious) control E) Many nuclei per cell

E) many nuclei per cell

You would normally expect to find ________ epithelium lining the small intestine. A) simple squamous B) simple cuboidal C) stratified squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar

E) simple columnar

The ceruminous glands secrete earwax into the external auditory canal, which can help protect the eardrum from being damaged if a foreign object enters the external auditory canal. Based on this description, determine which statement correctly describes earwax secretion. A) Earwax is a hormone, because it is secreted onto an epithelial surface by an endocrine gland. B) Earwax is secreted by exocrine glands, through ducts that empty onto an epithelial surface. C) Earwax is most likely secreted by endocrine glands into the blood and eventually deposited into the external auditory canal. D) None of the choices are correct.

Earwax is secreted by exocrine glands, through ducts that empty onto an epithelial surface.

Which of the following statements about cartilage is FALSE? A) Cartilage does not have blood vessels and therefore heals slowly after injury. B) Proteoglycans within the matrix trap water, making the cartilage relatively rigid and resistant to compression. C) Collagen fibers within the matrix give cartilage its flexibility and strength. D) Cells within cartilage are located in lacunae. E) The matrix of cartilage is mineralized and calcified, giving it a ringlike pattern.

The matrix of cartilage is mineralized and calcified giving it a ring-like pattern.