Chapter 4: Working Memory (Quiz)

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Having a person repeat a word aloud during a short-term memory task does which of the following?

Eliminates the acoustic similarity effect and eliminates the word length effect

Change blindness demos only "work" if the second image immediately follows the first (ISI = 0 sec).

False

Forgetting in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model occurs through displacement rather than decay.

False

Intervening activity following a list prior to free recall eliminates the primacy effect but not the recency effect.

False

Secondary memory refers to memory for the immediate contents of conscious awareness.

False

Selective interference in dual-task studies provides evidence in favor of the Atkinson-Shiffren model.

False

The Baddeley & Hitch model is an example of a duplex model of memory.

False

The acoustic similarity effect refers to the fact that people have a better short-term memory for lists of similar-sounding items.

False

The recency effect is due to greater rehearsal of items near the end of a list.

False

In the Sternberg memory scanning task, a serial self-terminating search process would be indicated by:

RT increases with set size, but more for false probes than true probes

What type of memory tasks does a person actually have to generate the target item?

Recall

Studies of brain-injured patients have shown that:

Some injuries that impair LTM leave STM largely unaffected and some injuries that impair STM leave LTM largely unaffected

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, brain-injured patients with verbal STM deficits should show massive all-around cognitive impairments, including impairments to LTM.

True

According to the B-H model, memory span is a positive function of rehearsal speed and a negative function of decay rate.

True

An Alzheimer's patient performs comparably to normal seniors on two tasks performed separately but performs much worse when they are combined in a dual-task format. This indicates selective impairment of the central executive.

True

Change blindness illustrates the limited storage capacity of visual STM.

True

Immediate memory for multi-syllable non-words predicts the rate a which a person will learn a second language.

True

In a serial search process, each extra item in the memory set will increase the average time required.

True

Memory span refers to the number of items that a person can maintain indefinitely in STM through active rehearsal.

True

People show better immediate memory for a list of one-syllable words than for a list of five-syllable words.

True

The distractor task aimed to measure the duration of STM when people are prevented from engaging in rehearsal.

True

The central executive does which of the following?

allocates attentional resources to the two short-term storage systems

All of the following are stages of memory performance:

encoding, storage, retrieval

Visual flicker interferes with which learning strategy?

imagery-based memorization

What kind of search process did Sternberg's experiment actually provide evidence for?

serial exhaustive

The Atkinson-Shiffren model assumes that

storage and processing functions are combined into a single working memory


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