Chapter 5

curriculum

A ________ refers to an organized program of study designed to meet a complex learning objective.

electronic performance support system (EPSS)

A computer application that can provide, as requested, skills training, information access, and expert advice.

chief learning officers (CLOs)

A leader of a company's knowledge management efforts (also called knowledge officer).

potential vendors and consultants for training services

A request for proposal (RFP) is a document mainly used to identify ________.

program

A study that usually covers more specific learning objectives and addresses a more limited number of competencies or skills (also called course)

feeling learners

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which types of learners require instructors to emphasize personal needs, beliefs, values, and experiences?

trainee prerequisites

Preparation, basic skills, or knowledge that the trainee needs prior to participating in the program.

opportunity to perform

The chance to use learned capabilities.

pre-training, the learning event, and post-training

Name the three phases of training program design.

manager support

The degree to which trainees' managers emphasize the importance of attending training, stress the application of training content to the job, and provide opportunities for trainees to use what they learned on the job.

program design

The organization and coordination of a training program.

training site

The place where training is conducted.

content curation

The process of identifying relevant training content and organizing it in a way that makes it easy for trainees to access it.

pre-training, learning event, and post-training

What are the phases of the instructional process?

conference-type seating

What type of seating arrangement would you choose for a training course that involves small-group case discussions?

encouragement of trainees' participation in training

Which of the following represents the lowest level of manager support for training?

Most are now in retirement.

Which of the following statements is most true of Traditionalists?

they include the sequence of activities that will be conducted and identify administrative details.

Which of the following statements is true of lesson plans?

trainees should be encouraged to focus on important differences between training tasks and work tasks.

Which of the following statements is true of near transfer?

using standardized procedures, processes, and checklists

Which of the following strategies is least appropriate for far transfer?

shows that the company values learning, provides employees with a choice in how they learn, the opportunity to set aside a dedicated period of time for learning, and access to learning on the job when they need it.

Why is content curation important for training?

include broader learning objectives

Curricula differ from courses in that curricula ________.

Prepare questions to be discussed in breakout groups; use creative activities and games; use assessments for trainees to learn about themselves and others; and incorporate roleplaying

Describe different strategies to involve learners in a training session.

refers to a trainee's ability to apply learned capabilities to the work environment when it is not identical to that of the training session.

Describe far transfer.

microlearning

________ is a way of delivering content to learners in small, very specific bursts. With such learning, individuals are in control of what and when they're learning.

performance appraisal

________ review meetings are meetings between a manager and employee during which the employee's performance is discussed, and improvement goals are agreed upon.

near transfer

appropriate for closed skills

far transfer

appropriate for open skills

performing a closed skill

involves responding to predictable situations with standardized responses.

performing an open skill

involves responding to variable situations with adaptive, tailored responses.

curriculum road map

refers to a figure showing all of the courses in a curriculum, the paths that learners can take through it, and the sequences in which courses have to be completed (e.g., identify prerequisite courses).

request for proposal (RFP)

A document that outlines for potential vendors and consultants the requirements for winning and fulfilling a contract with a company.

concept map

A figure showing all of the concepts in a course, the topics covered in each concept, and the relationship between concepts.

storyboard

A group of pictures created using pencil-and-paper or markers on notebooks, erasable marker boards, flip charts, or PowerPoint slides that tell a story.

conference-type

If training emphasizes total group discussion and no small-group interaction, a ________ seating arrangement will be most effective.

intuitive

In the context of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), ________ types prefer a learning atmosphere in which an emphasis is placed on meaning and associations. Insight is valued more than careful observation.

perceiving

In the context of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), ________ types thrive in flexible learning environments in which they are stimulated by new and exciting ideas. Such individuals like to "go with the flow" and are receptive to new opportunities.

participate in training as an instructor

In training, the greatest level of support that a manager can provide is to ________.

appropriate when lecture and audiovisual presentations are the primary training methods

Indicate when a Classroom-type seating arrangement is most appropriate.

appropriate for total groups discussions (with no small-group interaction)

Indicate when a Conference-type seating arrangement is most appropriate.

trainees can easily switch from listening to practicing in groups

Indicate when a Fan-type seating arrangement is most appropriate.

appropriate for both presentation and total-group instruction

Indicate when a Horseshoe-type seating arrangement is most appropriate.

"refresher courses"

Individuals who report low levels of opportunity to perform training may be prime candidates for

Fan-type, Classroom-type, Conference-type, and Horseshoe type

Name the different types of seating arrangements

preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event

The pre-training phase primarily involves ________.

knowledge management

The process of enhancing company performance by designing and implementing tools, processes, systems, structures, and cultures to improve the creating, sharing, and use of knowledge.

project management

The skills needed to manage a team of people and resources to create a learning solution.

detailed lesson plan

The translation of the content and sequence of training activities into a guide used by the trainer to help deliver training.

engage trainees; use videos, checklists, diagrams, or visuals; practice using scenarios or other activities; access and reference training content on the job; choose when and what to learn; quiz to measure what is learned

What features are necessary to make microlearning effective?

refers to a figure showing all of the courses in a curriculum, the paths that learners can take through it, and the sequences in which courses have to be completed

What is a curriculum road map?

A tool used to guide the development of training and to explain the training to managers, SMEs, reviewers, or other trainers.

What is a design document?

refers to assignments in which trainees are asked to identify work problems or situations and to apply training content to solve them.

What is an application assignment?

refers to the process of identifying relevant training content and organizing it in a way that makes it easy for trainees to access it

What is content curation?

scope of project, delivery, and objectives

What is included in a design document?

Millennials

Which generational cohort tends to prefer blended learning?

creating a new product

Which of the following instances call for training with an emphasis on far transfer?

programs that emphasize far transfer

teaching general concepts, broad principles, or key behaviors; focusing on general principles that might apply to a greater set of contexts beyond those presented in the training session; and providing a list of prompts or questions to help trigger thoughts and questions from trainees

there is a one best way

Best way to perform closed skills

multiple ways that are contingent upon the situation at hand

Best way to perform open skills

by asking (1) whether they perform a task, (2) how many times they perform the task, and (3) the extent to which they perform difficult and challenging tasks.

How can opportunity to perform be measured?

It can be used for organizing and presenting knowledge or skills.

How does a concept map help learners?

incentives and bonuses linked with training subordinates

How might you motivate managers to play a more active role in ensuring transfer of training?

self-fulling prophecy

Jane has been a trainer for many years. She believes that trainees today lack any motivation to learn. This attitude is apparent to her trainees. Her trainees then fail to exert personal initiative, as expected. What phenomenon is most likely occurring in this instance?

SPADES (start, plan, administer, develop, engage, and stop)

List the steps in project management.

the work environment is interfering with using new skills

Low levels of opportunity to perform may indicate

training content is not important for the employee's job

Low levels of opportunity to perform may indicate

programs that emphasize near transfer

using standardized procedures, processes, and checklists; providing explanations as to any differences between training and work tasks; encouraging trainees to focus only on important differences between training tasks and work tasks vs. unimportant ones; providing an explanation why the procedure should be performed to help trainees understand underlying concepts; and focusing on behaviors and skills that contribute to effective performance

refers to applying learned capabilities exactly in a work situation.

Describe near transfer.

support network

A group of two or more trainees who agree to meet and discuss their progress in using learned capabilities on the job.

knowledge officers

A leader of a company's knowledge management efforts (also called a chief learning officer).

course

A study that usually covers more specific learning objectives and addresses a more limited number of competencies or skills (also called program)

action plan

A written document detailing steps that a trainee and the manager will take to ensure that training transfers to the job.

concept map

A(n) ________ gets learners into the appropriate mental state for learning and allows them to understand the personal and work-related meaningfulness of course content.

action plan

A(n) ________ is a written document that includes the steps that a trainee and manager will take to ensure that training transfers to the job.

mnemonic

A(n) ________ refers to a memory tool to encode difficult-to-remember information in a way that is much easier to remember.

curriculum

An organized program of study designed to meet a complex learning objective such as preparing a learner to become a salesperson, certified computer network technician, or licensed nurse.

application assignments

Assignments that require trainees to identify work problems or situations and to apply training content to solve them.

They prefer classroom learning. They respond well to interactive training activities. They like group activities and well-organized training materials that provide an overview of the information and an easy way to access more detailed information.

Describe how awareness of generational differences can help create an appropriate learning environment for Baby Boomers.

They prefer a self-directed learning environment that includes technology-delivered methods. They respond best to tr18aining methods that allow them to work at their own pace.

Describe how awareness of generational differences can help create an appropriate learning environment for Generation X.

They likely have expectations that training can be accessed when they need it using smartphones, notebook computers, and tablets. They also value networking and learning from their experiences. They have high expectations for learning on-the job and from mentors rather than from traditional classroom training. Training should be interactive, use multimedia presentation (visuals, voice, and music), and incorporate gaming.

Describe how awareness of generational differences can help create an appropriate learning environment for Generation Z.

They want access to learning on demand, prefer short learning modules, and they want learning to be engaging. They also value learning that occurs through collaborating with their peers and having a mentor or coach. They prefer a blended learning approach that involves self-paced online learning for acquiring basic concepts, ideas, and knowledge, followed by group activities and hands-on practice. They are motivated to learn skills and acquire knowledge that will help make their working lives less stressful and increase their employability. They place a high value on money, so linking training to monetary incentives may facilitate learning.

Describe how awareness of generational differences can help create an appropriate learning environment for Millennials.

They prefer a standard training room with a stable, orderly learning environment. They do not like to be put on the spot in front of others. They like trainers to ask them to share their experiences or anecdotes; but they also look to the trainer to provide expertise.

Describe how awareness of generational differences can help create an appropriate learning environment for Traditionalists.

Discussions; be based on clearly defined goals and rules for participation; be planned; be used to brainstorm ideas and solutions, debrief activities, apply knowledge, and evaluate experiences; use open-ended questions; and have different opening questions, follow-up questions, and discussion prompts

Describe how to facilitate discussions in a training session.

Involves preparing instruction and the physical environment to facilitate learning

Describe the learning event phase of training program design

Refers to transfer of training, getting learners to apply what they have learned to their work

Describe the post-training phase of training program design

Involves preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event

Describe the pre-training phase of training program design

helps trainees understand the link between the learned capabilities and real-world application, which makes it easier to recall the capability when needed

Why should an application assignment be considered in designing a training program or course?