chapter 5

the disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called

gestational diabetes

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose

__________ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar

glucose

glycogen is a branches structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together

glucose

what is the technical term for high blood sugar

hyperglycemia

symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaken, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ________

hypoglycemia

fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called

insoluble fiber

food labels for high-fiber food products may voluntarily indicate which of the following

insoluble fiber

in order to manage their blood glucose levels, type 1 diabetic patients always require

insulin

people with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes may experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, a blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl, and a breath with a fruity smell. these are all signs and symptoms of

ketoacidosis

Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ____________.

levulose

where is glucose stored in the body

liver

lactose can be found in which animal products

milk

what is a major food source of lactose

milk

how many americans shows signs of decreased lactose digestion

millions

fiber is mostly made up of _______ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest

monosaccharides

Simple Carohydrates include ________, which contain only one sugar unit and _________ which are compounds of two sugar units

monosaccharides disaccharide

dietary changes that can benefit a patient with metabolic syndrome include

reducing salt intake decreasing intake of saturated fat

which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity

research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity

stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has ________

diabetes

sugar alcohols are used in

diabetic candy breath mints sugar-free gum

Soluble fibers

dissolve or swell in water are metabolized by intentional bacteria

which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes

extreme thirst frequent urination blurred vision

True or False: Individuals with type 1 diabetes may or may not require insulin

false

choose the correct description of a whole grain

Examples include wheat, oats, corn, rice, rye, barley, and sorghum Must contain the starchy endosperm, oily germ, and fiber-rich bran Intact, ground, cracked or flaked seeds of cereal grains

which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose

Glucose Galactose

the three most important single sugar or __________ are glucose, fructose, and galactose

monosaccharides

what are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide

vitamins and calcium

treatment for metabolic syndrome includes

weight loss eating a healthy diet

Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas called _____ cells

beta

signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis include

blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl excessive thirst frequent urination fruity smelling breath

a healthy diet in conjunction with high-fiber may reduce the risk of ______ cancer

colorectal

when sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel this results in tooth ____

decay

which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia

irritability shakiness

type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by

losing excess body fat increasing physical activity

hypoglycemia is a ________ blood glucose level

low

__________, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together

maltose

what are some natural food sources of sucrose

maple syrup carrots

what american populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes

African Americans Latino Native Americans

True or False: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials

False

sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and _______

fructose

Examples of complex carbohydrates

starch

when people consume adequate fiber, they experience

softer stools more regular bowel movements

Match the following descriptions with the correct polysaccharides

1. Amylose - a long, straight chain of glucose units 2. Amylopectin - a highly branched chain of glucose units

Match the sweeter with its brand name

1. Aspartame - nutrasweet and equal 2. saccharin - sweet n' low 3. sucralose - splenda

List in order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy.

1. Carbohydrate 2. Protein

Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose

1. Insulin decreases blood glucose 2. Glucagon increases blood glucose

Order of dietary fiber content, from highest to lowest

1. black beans 2. kellogg's all-bran cereal 3. baked potato with skin 4. almonds

1. Glycolysis 2. lipolysis 3. lysis

1. breakdown of glycogen 2. breakdown of fat 3. breakdown of something

match the word with its best definition

1. ketone bodies - chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown 2. ketoacidosis - condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones

which alternative sweeter contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid

Aspartame

which foods are rich sources of soluble fiber

oat bran beans yogurt

high-fiber diets may lower your risk for

obesity

for a grain to be classified as a whole grain it must contain the

oily germ fiber-rich bran seed starchy endosperm

both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of ________

polysaccharides

True or False: Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and bleeding

true

what type of diabetes is strongly associated with genetic, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity

type 2