chapter 5
the disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called
gestational diabetes
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.
glucose
__________ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar
glucose
glycogen is a branches structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together
glucose
what is the technical term for high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaken, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ________
hypoglycemia
fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called
insoluble fiber
food labels for high-fiber food products may voluntarily indicate which of the following
insoluble fiber
in order to manage their blood glucose levels, type 1 diabetic patients always require
insulin
people with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes may experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, a blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl, and a breath with a fruity smell. these are all signs and symptoms of
ketoacidosis
Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ____________.
levulose
where is glucose stored in the body
liver
lactose can be found in which animal products
milk
what is a major food source of lactose
milk
how many americans shows signs of decreased lactose digestion
millions
fiber is mostly made up of _______ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest
monosaccharides
Simple Carohydrates include ________, which contain only one sugar unit and _________ which are compounds of two sugar units
monosaccharides disaccharide
dietary changes that can benefit a patient with metabolic syndrome include
reducing salt intake decreasing intake of saturated fat
which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity
research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity
stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has ________
diabetes
sugar alcohols are used in
diabetic candy breath mints sugar-free gum
Soluble fibers
dissolve or swell in water are metabolized by intentional bacteria
which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes
extreme thirst frequent urination blurred vision
True or False: Individuals with type 1 diabetes may or may not require insulin
false
choose the correct description of a whole grain
Examples include wheat, oats, corn, rice, rye, barley, and sorghum Must contain the starchy endosperm, oily germ, and fiber-rich bran Intact, ground, cracked or flaked seeds of cereal grains
which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose
Glucose Galactose
the three most important single sugar or __________ are glucose, fructose, and galactose
monosaccharides
what are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide
vitamins and calcium
treatment for metabolic syndrome includes
weight loss eating a healthy diet
Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas called _____ cells
beta
signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis include
blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl excessive thirst frequent urination fruity smelling breath
a healthy diet in conjunction with high-fiber may reduce the risk of ______ cancer
colorectal
when sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel this results in tooth ____
decay
which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia
irritability shakiness
type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by
losing excess body fat increasing physical activity
hypoglycemia is a ________ blood glucose level
low
__________, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together
maltose
what are some natural food sources of sucrose
maple syrup carrots
what american populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes
African Americans Latino Native Americans
True or False: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials
False
sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and _______
fructose
Examples of complex carbohydrates
starch
when people consume adequate fiber, they experience
softer stools more regular bowel movements
Match the following descriptions with the correct polysaccharides
1. Amylose - a long, straight chain of glucose units 2. Amylopectin - a highly branched chain of glucose units
Match the sweeter with its brand name
1. Aspartame - nutrasweet and equal 2. saccharin - sweet n' low 3. sucralose - splenda
List in order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy.
1. Carbohydrate 2. Protein
Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose
1. Insulin decreases blood glucose 2. Glucagon increases blood glucose
Order of dietary fiber content, from highest to lowest
1. black beans 2. kellogg's all-bran cereal 3. baked potato with skin 4. almonds
1. Glycolysis 2. lipolysis 3. lysis
1. breakdown of glycogen 2. breakdown of fat 3. breakdown of something
match the word with its best definition
1. ketone bodies - chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown 2. ketoacidosis - condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones
which alternative sweeter contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid
Aspartame
which foods are rich sources of soluble fiber
oat bran beans yogurt
high-fiber diets may lower your risk for
obesity
for a grain to be classified as a whole grain it must contain the
oily germ fiber-rich bran seed starchy endosperm
both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of ________
polysaccharides
True or False: Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and bleeding
true
what type of diabetes is strongly associated with genetic, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity
type 2