Chapter 5, 7, & 9
A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have. a. 54 b. 34 c. 74 d. 14 e. 94
A
A candidate for political office faces two important structural factors when planning a campaign: the office the candidate is seeking and a. whether he or she is the incumbent or the challenger. b. the available funds needed to conduct the campaign. c. the current majority political party. d. how many other candidates are seeking office. e. the size of the Electoral College.
A
A legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances is also known as a(n) a. class action suit. b. initiative. c. supportive behavior. d. public act. e. referendum.
A
A voter who voted for a Republican for senator and Hillary Clinton for president in 2016 a. voted a split ticket. b. voted a straight ticket. c. exhibited the first-past-the-post phenomenon. d. voted in an open election. e. caused Congress and the president to be unable to reach compromise.
A
A(n) _____ open primary allows independent voters to vote in a party's primary. a. modified b. polarized c. partisan d. partial e. officiated
A
According to psychological explanations, voter turnout in the United States is not likely to increase until a. the government does something to restore people's faith in the effectiveness of voting. b. governmental corruption is completely eliminated. c. people's voices are heard over the noise of government corruption. d. the old political establishment is replaced. e. the Electoral College is replaced.
A
According to the self-interest principle, people tend to a. choose what benefits them personally. b. have only a vague notion of how political ideology impacts policy outcomes. c. misunderstand costs and benefits of different policies. d. be inflexible in their ideology. e. select policy options based on their perception of the greatest good for the greatest number.
A
According to the text, with respect to political participation, "_________ is the great equalizer,..." a. protest b. voting c. contacting political elites d. education e. political party activism
A
Although terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because a. terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it. b. the acceptability of terrorism varies from culture to culture. c. terrorism uses fear, not persuasion, as its primary tactic. d. terrorist acts generally concern international politics, not domestic disputes. e. terrorism does not use the established institutions of representative government.
A
An example of a citizen using "contacting behavior" is a. calling the county animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well. b. reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. c. pressuring an alderman to vote against an increase in school taxes. d. flying the American flag on July 4th. e. standing during a parade when the American flag passes by.
A
By national law, _________ of the seats in the House of Representatives and ____ of the seats in the Senate are filled in a general election held every even-numbered year. a. all; one-third b. one-third; one-third c. all; all d. one-third; all e. one-half; two-thirds
A
Campaign finance laws are challenged as a violation of the _________ Amendment. a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Fourteenth e. Twenty-second
A
Candidates eventually favored by most party identifiers usually win their party's nomination. There have been only two exceptions to this rule: Aldai Stevenson in 1952 and _____ in 1972. a. George McGovern b. Ronald Reagan c. Dwight Eisenhower d. Jimmy Carter e. Bill Clinton
A
Compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the United States a. was among the first. b. ranked about in the middle. c. lagged far behind. d. was unique in extending that right without being pressured to do so. e. was more selective in which women were extended the right.
A
For most people, the first agent of political socialization is a. family. b. their peers. c. school. d. television. e. the Internet.
A
Governments tend to respond to public opinion. In recent years, this has become particularly true regarding issues involving a. gay rights. b. gun control. c. abortion. d. speed limits. e. mass shootings.
A
In 2014, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Alaska, Oregon, and Washington that a. legalized recreational marijuana. b. banned same-sex marriage. c. restricted sales of large soft drinks and other unhealthy products. d. limited the number of immigrants into the state. e. restricted sales of assault-style rifles.
A
In Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found _________ is(are) unconstitutional. a. preventing blacks from voting in primary elections b. state poll taxes c. redrawing district lines prior to an election d. property requirements for voting e. prohibiting women from voting
A
In the 2000 presidential election, after more than a month of ballot counting, recounting, lawsuits, and court decisions, Bush was certified as the winner of Florida's 25 electoral votes by __________ popular votes. a. 537 b. 44 c. 1924 d. 941 e. 263
A
In the 2004 presidential election, one of Minnesota's ten electors voted for vice presidential candidate John Edwards for president instead of presidential candidate John Kerry. This is known as a(n) a. faithless elector. b. illegal elector. c. secret elector. d. state's rights elector. e. popular elector.
A
In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote a. economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order. b. freedom ahead of economic equality, and social order ahead of freedom. c. freedom ahead of both economic equality and social order. d. both economic equality and social order ahead of freedom. e. business and government policy ahead of social order.
A
In the text the authors assert that the majority of voters are ideologically more ________ than the voting records of members of Congress would indicate. a. moderate b. liberal c. conservative d. libertarian e. inflexible
A
One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that a. they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions. b. citizens cannot exercise great power over government policy through these mechanisms. c. controversial ballot measures tend to lower voter turnout. d. voters increasingly tend to reject all ballot measures. e. voters are not able to express discontent with political policies.
A
Psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if a. more Americans believe that government is responsive. b. party identification increases among the electorate. c. educational levels rise. d. a major war begins. e. satisfaction with government policies declines.
A
Researchers have found that political apathy is _________ in the United States compared to almost all other nations. a. much lower b. slightly lower c. about the same d. slightly higher e. much higher
A
The collective attitude of the citizens on a given issue is known as a. public opinion. b. gerrymandering. c. public discord. d. incumbency. e. political reform.
A
The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to a. identify more with the Democratic Party than men do. b. vote less than men do. c. favor female candidates for office over male candidates. d. pay less attention to politics than men do. e. vote more for Republican candidates than men do.
A
The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the a. backfire effect. b. fog of war. c. misinformation effect. d. crowd delusion syndrome. e. willfulness effect.
A
The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called a. political ideology. b. party identification. c. liberalism or conservatism. d. political socialization. e. communalism.
A
The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of _________ of the number of registered voters in a state. a. 5 to 10 percent b. 25 to 30 percent c. 45 to 50 percent d. more than 50 percent e. at least 60 percent
A
What is the main way in which citizens control government? a. voting in free elections to choose leaders b. donating money to electoral campaigns c. cooperating with the media to engage in agenda-setting d. donating money to political parties e. joining interest groups
A
When no incumbent in the White House is seeking reelection, a. the presidential nominating process becomes contested in both parties. b. the incumbent usually encounter little opposition from within the party. c. the party committees choose their party's nominee. d. the presidential nominating process becomes uncontested in both parties. e. the early primaries do not matter.
A
Which of the following is NOT included in the responsibilities of the Federal Election Commission (FEC)? a. guaranteeing rough equality in fundraising between Republicans and Democrats b. administering public financing of presidential campaigns c. requiring full disclosure of campaign spending d. enforcing limits on contributions to federal campaigns e. ensuring that the FEC has at most three members from the same party
A
Which of the following is true about election campaigns? a. They have evolved to being candidate centered. b. They have evolved to being party centered. c. They chiefly rely on neighborhood canvassing. d. They consult party headquarters to determine party strategy. e. They learn about voters' interests by asking the party.
A
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the 2016 Republican presidential nomination? a. Rubio was considered a favorite after winning his home state of Florida. b. Two different candidates won the first three contests. c. After the first two contests, only six major candidates remained. d. Trump won decisively in New Hampshire. e. There were initially seventeen hopefuls for the Republican presidential nomination.
A
Which of the qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s? a. property ownership b. age c. race d. gender e. literacy requirement
A
__________primaries weaken parties more because it allows voters to float between parties rather than require the voters to participate in the party in which they are registered. a. Open b. Caucus c. Presidential d. Congressional e. Closed
A
ome negative ads also promote the positive qualities of the other candidate; however, there are negative ads that advocate nothing positive. These are called ____ ads. a. attack b. advocacy c. incumbent d. partisan e. contract
A
A direct primary is a a. direct vote on a proposed law. b. preliminary election to choose party candidates. c. special election initiated by petition. d. procedure by which voters can propose a law to be considered by the legislature. e. recorded position on an issue by an interest group.
B
A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether a. people can operate outside government institutions to influence policymaking. b. citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions. c. direct action is necessary for government to hear citizens' views. d. conventional political action consists largely of influencing behaviors and not supportive behaviors. e. there is only one political party.
B
A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a a. stable distribution. b. normal distribution. c. skewed distribution. d. bimodal distribution. e. modality.
B
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public opinion? a. Governments tend to respond to public opinion. b. Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters. c. The government sometimes does not do what people want. d. Public opinion places boundaries on allowable types of public policy. e. The public's attitude toward a given government policy can vary dramatically over time.
B
Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are a. low education, high income, and being middle-aged. b. low education, low income, and being relatively young. c. high education, low income, and being relatively old. d. low education, low income, and being middle-aged. e. low income and general apathy.
B
Citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the _________ phenomenon. a. contacting b. NIMBY c. supportive d. class action e. unconventional political participation
B
During the 2016 presidential campaign, some candidates sent messages to the smart phones of selected voters. This is an example of a. gerrymandering. b. microtargeting. c. gunnysacking. d. heuristics. e. linguistics.
B
In 2016, 31 states adopted a. winner-take-all rules for Republican primaries. b. proportional rules for Republican primaries. c. winner-take-all rules for Democratic primaries. d. proportional rules for Democratic primaries. e. the Electoral College amendment to the Constitution.
B
In modern elections, candidates _______________ to learn about voters' interests. a. consult local party officials b. commission public opinion polls c. canvass door-to-door noting reactions they receive d. rely on national party organizations e. depend on media coverage
B
In the 2016 presidential race, _________ accepted public funds. a. only Hillary Clinton b. neither party's candidate c. only Donald Trump d. only Bernie Sanders e. both party's candidates
B
Incumbents in the House of Representatives historically have won a. more than 50 percent of the time. b. more than 95 percent of the time. c. less often than incumbents in the Senate. d. at about the same rate as challengers. e. less than 30 percent of the time.
B
Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship. a. familial b. transmission c. sibling d. kinship e. "same-roof"
B
Political differences between the South and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about a. the economy. b. racial politics and social issues. c. defense spending. d. foreign policy. e. the unemployment.
B
Relatively routine behaviors that use the established institutions of representative government such as voting in an election are called _____ participation. a. process b. conventional c. social d. gatekeeper e. formula
B
Studies of the party identification and ideological orientation of voters show that a. voters often align with parties that contradict their ideological leanings. b. voters tend to identify with the party that most reflects their ideological orientation. c. there appears to be no consistent relationship between party identification and ideology. d. parties have no consistent ideological positions. e. most voters do not have a solid party identification.
B
The SpeechNow.org v. FEC decision legalized a. 527 groups. b. Super PACs. c. corporate spending advocating specific candidates. d. 501(c)4 social welfare organizations. e. Congressional election committees.
B
The amendment granting women's suffrage is the a. Eighteenth Amendment. b. Nineteenth Amendment. c. Twentieth Amendment. d. Twenty-first Amendment. e. Twenty-eighth Amendment.
B
The current limit for individual contributions to a candidate in an election, as of 2015-2016, is a. $1,000. b. $2,700. c. $5,000. d. $10,000. e. not set by law.
B
The effect of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which enfranchised eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds, was to a. boost voter turnout in the United States above that of most other democratic nations. b. reduce the national voter turnout rate. c. increase the national voter turnout rate. d. decrease the percentage of the population that distrusts the American political system. e. counter the increasing social mobility of this group.
B
The march from Selma demonstrated to the nation the seriousness of a. healthcare deviations. b. the civil rights problem. c. education funding. d. gun violence. e. the Constitutional amendment process.
B
The number of electoral votes needed to win the presidency a. is 135. b. is 270. c. is 535. d. varies based on whether it is an even- or odd-numbered year. e. goes up every election.
B
The percentage of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election is called a. political partisanship. b. voter turnout. c. influencing behavior. d. political gatekeeping. e. a social democracy.
B
The term "electoral college" became known in the United States a. from its description in the Constitution. b. during the twentieth century. c. through the Bill of Rights. d. when an amendment was passed creating the institution in 1974. e. after George Washington took office.
B
The text defines __________ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics. a. direct action b. political participation c. unconventional participation d. conventional participation e. conventional behavior
B
Typically, what fraction of the voting-age population will vote in a primary election? a. one-tenth b. one-quarter c. one-half d. two-thirds e. three-fourths
B
Until the 1950s, political campaigns were conducted primarily a. through the mass media. b. through political party organizations. c. through quiet appeals to elite electors. d. by individual candidates with very little staff or assistance. e. by interest groups.
B
When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as a. stable. b. skewed. c. expected. d. extremist. e. biased.
B
f no presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral college votes, the election is decided by a. the president. b. the House of Representatives. c. the Senate. d. votes in the fifty state legislatures. e. the U.S. Supreme Court.
B
A 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to a. approve more generous voting restoration rights for felons who have served their full sentences. b. reinstate the all-white primary election. c. enforce new voter identification laws. d. legalize voting by mail. e. restrict voting only to residents of an elected official's home district.
C
A method of delegate selection that begins with local meetings and culminates in a state convention is known as the a. open primary. b. frontloading method. c. caucus method. d. closed primary. e. deliberation.
C
A primary election in which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot is a(n) ________ primary. a. blanket b. open c. closed d. challenge e. presidential preference
C
A state moves its primary to an earlier date to encourage presidential candidates who would otherwise have skipped that state to campaign there. This is known as a. a horse race. b. a silent primary. c. front-loading. d. first-past-the-post. e. early entry.
C
According to the text, Americans were __________ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952. a. much less b. a little less c. neither more nor less d. a little more e. much more
C
Beginning with the 2010 election, corporations were free to run ads directly advocating a candidate's election for the first time since 1907, when Congress first banned using general corporate funds in federal election campaigns. This occurred based on which 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision? a. Federal Election Commission v. McCain b. Feingold v. McConnell c. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission d. BCRA v. Fox News e. FEC v. Americans United Trust
C
In order to gain campaign information about the voting preferences and issues concerning various groups in the electorate, a candidate would conduct a(n) _____ poll. a. exit b. straw c. benchmark d. access e. trend
C
In the 2008 presidential election a. neither Barack Obama nor John McCain agreed to accept public funds for the general election. b. Barack Obama accepted public funds, but John McCain did not. c. John McCain accepted public funds, but Barack Obama did not. d. both Barack Obama and John McCain accepted public funds for the general election, but not in the primary. e. neither Barack Obama nor John McCain accepted public funds for the general election, but they did accept public funding during their primaries.
C
Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain. a. communitarian b. pluralist c. majoritarian d. substantive e. procedural
C
One criterion that must be met for a country to be democratic is that it must a. have only two political parties. b. be politically divided along traditional liberal/conservative lines. c. have more than one political party. d. allow initiative and referendum. e. prevent interest groups from unduly influencing elections. ANSWER: c
C
One result of ____________ was the direct primary, in which candidates must campaign not only for election, but also for the nomination of their party. a. the Civil War b. the post World War II desire for greater personal power c. the Progressive movement in the 1920s d. adoption of the Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation e. Andrew Jackson's popularization of political activity
C
Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because a. conventional forms have greater impact. b. few people consider unconventional forms legitimate. c. it is easier to collect data on conventional practices. d. they are biased toward unconventional politics. e. they are not allowed access to unconventional forms.
C
Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when a. community values are consistent with modern culture. b. schools are involved in socialization. c. the community is homogeneous. d. competing values are present. e. corruption in local government occurs.
C
The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of a. union members. b. the poor. c. those with greater resources. d. no particular group. e. nonvoters.
C
The __________ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." a. Tenth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Twenty-second e. Eighteenth
C
The ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best related to ________ theory. a. majoritarian b. suffragist c. pluralist d. direct e. communitarian
C
The current limit for PAC contributions to candidates in an election is a. $1,000. b. $2,600. c. $5,000. d. $10,000. e. not set by law.
C
The framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to a. Congress. b. the Supreme Court. c. the states. d. the Federalist papers. e. voting districts.
C
The major agents of early socialization in the United States are a. religion and social class. b. family, religion, and political party. c. family, school, community, and peers. d. school and social class. e. economics, television, and the Internet.
C
To maintain order, the government has a stake in converting _______ whenever possible. a. education into voting behavior b. wealth into contributions c. unconventional participation into conventional participation d. voting into "buy-in" e. foreign policy issues into domestic policy issues
C
We elect the president via 50 state elections combined into the electoral college; thus, presidential elections are best described as ________ elections. a. national b. majoritarian c. federal d. unfair e. elitist
C
When a citizen contributes money to a candidate's campaign, he or she is engaging in a. unconventional participation. b. supportive behavior. c. influencing behavior. d. competitive behavior. e. elite behavior.
C
When a political opinion is based on what is considered to be in the best interest of the nation rather than what people think is in their own interest it is an example of a. communitarianism. b. gerrymandering. c. sociotropic responses. d. substantive recall. e. procedural politics.
C
Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are a. far lower. b. slightly lower. c. about the same. d. slightly higher. e. far higher.
C
A __________ election is a preliminary election conducted within a political party to select candidates who will run for office. a. special b. general c. municipal d. primary e. caucus
D
A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is called a _____ distribution. a. normal b. consistent c. modal d. stable e. skewed
D
A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of a. low education and high income. b. low education and low income. c. low income and high education. d. high income and high education. e. moderate education and moderate income.
D
According to the text, if the criterion is ___________, America has the best and most democratic government in the world. a. amount of political information available to voters b. effectiveness of politicians and the political system c. degree of public participation in all types of political activities d. number of elections held e. history of responsive governance
D
According to the text, violent unconventional political participation is a. never used in America. b. common during elections in the United States. c. not punished harshly enough. d. sometimes worth the risk. e. unjustifiable.
D
American political parties operate more in keeping with the ____________ model of democracy. a. majoritarian b. party-centered c. ideological d. pluralist e. idealistic
D
An advertisement that criticizes an opponent and advocates policies of the sponsoring candidate is an example of a(n) __________ ad. a. negative b. dilatory c. flip-flop d. contrast e. attack
D
Because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to a. enhance individual freedom. b. favor the less wealthy. c. minimize the impact of differences in socioeconomic status. d. limit individual freedom. e. disproportionately advantage politically-motivated individuals.
D
Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to eighteen, because they a. recognized the justice of the student antiwar and civil rights movements. b. knew that student voter turnout would be low. c. expected the new voters to change the political balance of power drastically. d. hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation. e. realized the unfairness of the discrepancy between the military draft age and the voting age.
D
Elections, as an institutional mechanism, a. have no perceptible effect on policies and actions of governments. b. diminish the power and authority of the state. c. encourage the citizenry to engage in other kinds of political participation. d. bolster the power and authority of the state. e. equalize segments of the population.
D
In 2000, Republican George W. Bush won the presidency despite a. his failure to win his party's nomination. b. winning fewer electoral college votes than Democrat Al Gore. c. not being on the ballot in five states. d. receiving fewer popular votes than Al Gore. e. losing more states than Al Gore.
D
In Oregon, everyone votes by a. telephone. b. Internet. c. electronic devices. d. mail. e. raising their hand.
D
In an election campaign, _____ determine(s) the content of the messages and the way they are delivered. a. tactics b. strategy c. partisanship d. synergy e. mandates
D
In general today, women politically participate a. less than men. b. more than men. c. less than men if they are married, but more if they are not. d. at about the same rate as men. e. There is no consistent pattern across different forms of participation.
D
In nearly every other democratic country outside of the United States, the burden of registration is placed on a. the individual voters. b. political parties. c. community leaders. d. the government. e. private interest groups.
D
One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that a. subgroups within the public do not express opinions on specific matters. b. the public simplifies complex issues into too-neat, easy solutions. c. the public tends to overwhelmingly focus on a handful of policy issues and ignore the rest. d. the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government. e. public opinion has moved increasingly against minority rights in recent decades.
D
One notable feature of first-past-the-post elections is that a. candidates usually cannot win them unless they capture more than a majority of the popular vote. b. they require at least three candidates running for the same office. c. they originated as a voting system in ancient Greece. d. they produce sizable discrepancies between votes won and seats won. e. they tend to favor candidates with lower name recognition.
D
Serving as an election judge in a nonpartisan election or organizing a holiday parade are examples of a. gatekeeping. b. unconventional participation. c. suffrage. d. supportive behavior. e. influencing behavior.
D
Someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain a. freedom. b. majoritarianism. c. equality. d. order. e. independence.
D
The 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an example of a(n) a. unsuccessful unconventional political participation. b. indirect action. c. successful conventional political participation. d. successful unconventional political participation. e. unsuccessful conventional political participation.
D
The Framers wanted to build public opinion into our government structure by creating a. the office of the president. b. the Supreme Court. c. the U.S. Senate. d. the House of Representatives. e. federalism.
D
The amendment lowering the voting age to eighteen is the a. Eighteenth Amendment. b. Nineteenth Amendment. c. Twentieth Amendment. d. Twenty-sixth Amendment. e. Twenty-seventh Amendment.
D
The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called a. political indoctrination. b. ideological awakening. c. political ideology. d. political socialization. e. systems building.
D
The relationship between participation and order is complicated because a. order and participation are inherently contradictory. b. participation promotes order. c. order promotes participation. d. some types of participation promote disorder. e. both are positive values.
D
The territory of Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1869 and ______ followed as the first state to enfranchise women. a. California b. New York c. Texas d. Colorado e. Nevada
D
The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to a. participate. b. speak. c. protest. d. vote. e. rally.
D
Which of the following arguments has not been raised as a defense of the electoral college? a. It upholds federalism by giving smaller states more voting weight. b. It encourages candidates to campaign on foot and in rural areas. c. It reduces the risk of requiring a nationwide recount of votes. d. Historically, polls show public opinion in favor of keeping it. e. It tends to magnify popular vote victories and further increase the legitimacy of winners.
D
Which of the following presidents failed to win a majority of the popular vote? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Gerald Ford c. Barack Obama d. John F. Kennedy e. Dwight D. Eisenhower
D
Which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct? a. Moderates tend to be politically ill-informed. b. Moderates tend to have higher than average incomes and education. c. Moderates are as likely as liberals and conservatives to correctly identify ideologies. d. Many people identify as "moderate" because they do not understand the alternatives. e. Fewer Americans identify as "moderate" than as liberal or conservative, and moderates tend to have higher than average incomes and education.
D
Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy? a. Public opinion should play a much smaller role than it would play in the pluralist model. b. Groups with different opinions should be allowed to clash openly over government policy. c. Public opinion is less important than the opinions of experts. d. Government should do what a majority of the public wants. e. A majority of the public is ill-informed on the issues, which means the role of public opinion should be increased.
D
Women were granted universal suffrage in a. 1787. b. 1865. c. 1896. d. 1920. e. 1972.
D
"Independent, expenditures-only political committees" are a legal term by the Federal Elections Committee (FEC) more commonly referred to as a. political action committees (PACs). b. 501(c)4 social welfare organizations. c. 527 committees. d. independent advocacy organizations (IAOs). e. Super PACs.
E
According to democratic theory, the most important factor in determining voter choice in an election should be a. believability and reliability of the candidate. b. party identification. c. polling results. d. amount of media coverage. e. past performance and proposed policies.
E
According to former House Speaker Tip O'Neill, there are four parts to any campaign. Which of the following is NOT one of the critical parts of campaigns? a. the candidate b. the campaign organization c. the issues of the candidate d. the money to run the campaign e. the incumbent
E
Around the world, the percentage of countries holding regular, free, and fair elections has risen to _____ percent. a. 37%. b. 43%. c. 49%. d. 54%. e. 63%.
E
Based on the text, which of these factors does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample? a. randomness of sample b. sample size c. how the sample is selected d. amount of variation in the population e. year sample is taken
E
By law, the U.S. presidential election occurs a. the last Wednesday in October. b. the first Thursday in November. c. the last Monday in November. d. the second Tuesday in November. e. the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. ANSWER: e
E
Compared with citizens in other democracies, Americans are a. unwilling to join demonstrations. b. more willing to boycott products. c. more interested in politics. d. less trusting of the government. e. not noticeably apathetic.
E
Each state has one vote in the electoral college for a. the number of senators and representatives on the federal election nomination committee. b. each of its representatives in the U.S. House. c. every 10,000 registered voters. d. each of its citizens. e. each of its representatives and senators.
E
In 2016, Bernie Sanders clearly followed a(n) ____ strategy when he campaigned against Wall Street and wealth inequality. a. state-centered b. party-centered c. values-oriented d. candidate-oriented e. issues-oriented
E
In the modern political system, candidates _____ rely on political parties to conduct a campaign. a. heavily b. never c. typically d. often e. seldom
E
Of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, _________ is the strongest single factor. a. race b. gender c. age d. marital status e. education
E
Perhaps the most significant fact about primary elections in congressional politics today is a. the stangnation of the primary process. b. the banning candidates declared to be "extremist" from party races. c. the increasing cost of entry into primaries. d. the increase in competition for party nominations. e. the decline in competition for party nominations.
E
Since they were not happy with voting for candidates selected by party leaders, ____________ championed the direct primary. a. African Americans b. democrats c. southern voters d. women e. Progressives
E
The ____ was backed by the Progressives as they wanted a mechanism to remove elected officials from office. a. proposition b. referendum c. initiative d. pocket veto e. recall
E
The acronym PAC stands for a. Partial Aid Council. b. Public Acceptance Council. c. Prosper and Control. d. Partisan Able Contracts. e. Political Action Committee.
E
The extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on a. the extent to which behaviors are repeated. b. whether or not a person is familiar with the concept before hearing it. c. the economic influence of the agent. d. merit-related considerations. e. the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it.
E
The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to a. match the sampler's views with a public response. b. obtain the view of every individual in the population. c. account for wide variances in public opinion on controversial issues. d. obtain a large enough sample size to avoid bias. e. reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.
E
The literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 worked primarily against a. uneducated white men. b. women. c. uneducated women. d. lower class. e. blacks.
E
The majoritarian model of democracy favors a. both conventional and unconventional forms of participation. b. unconventional forms of participation. c. resourceful individuals seeking particularized benefits. d. better-educated, wealthier citizens. e. voting as the primary means of participation.
E
The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to a. age, race, and education. b. gender, ethnicity, and income. c. race, income, and religion. d. age, education, and political interest. e. education, income, and occupation.
E
The standard socioeconomic model recognizes the relationship between socioeconomic status and a. gender-based political involvement. b. unconventional political involvement. c. incumbency rates. d. political partisanship. e. conventional political involvement.
E
Typically, a referenda is placed on the ballot by a. PACs. b. special interest groups. c. the president. d. voters. e. legislators.
E
Until 2000, the last time a candidate won most of the popular votes but did not win the presidency was in a. 1864. b. 1988. c. 1920. d. 1968. e. 1888.
E
When a leader assembles crowds to confront businesses and local governments to demand a hearing, he or she is engaging in a. terrorism. b. apathy. c. democracy. d. civil rights. e. direct action.
E
Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage? a. France b. Australia c. Canada d. Great Britain e. United States
E
Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect? a. Women are more likely to favor government action to promote equality. b. Women are more likely to favor affirmative action. c. Men are less likely to favor increased spending on social programs. d. Men are more likely to favor the death penalty. e. Women are more likely to favor death penalty.
E
Which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America? a. Revolutionary War b. Declaration of Independence c. civil rights marches of the 1960s d. Shays's Rebellion e. Boston Tea Party
E
Which statement is true about most congressional elections today? a. Incumbents lose reelection most of the time. b. Incumbents don't get much attention from the media. c. Incumbency has no effect on the outcome of elections. d. The challenger does not need to raise a lot of money. e. Most congressional elections are not very competitive.
E
