Chapter 5 Psych 4250
The variation in peopleÕs reactions to alcohol is due in part to hereditary factors that affect how efficiently the body metabolizes alcohol.
True
alcohol withdrawal can be lethal true or false ?
True
Levels of use with alcohol
abstention -experimentation -social/ recreational ( no set pattern) -habituation ( no negative consequences) -abuse ( use despite consequences) -addiction ( constant use, inability to use)
what is the most dangerous psychoactive drug
alcohol
stress reduction
alcohol has relaxing properties many use it to help them cope with life stressors.
phase 3 of alcohol withdrawal
begins 1 to 2 days after cessation and may include delirium. tremens because of this many people will begin drinking again.
alcohol costs
cost related effect from alcohol cost the us around 185,000 ,0000,000 annually -100,00 die a year related to alcohol diseases ( 3rd major cause of death) - the average lifespan of an alcoholic is 12 years less than an alcoholic
what is common among alcoholics
cross tolerance this is when an individual becomes tolerant to more than one depressant.
"High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing."
decreasing | decreased
The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger."
deepens
Which of the following would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?
diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda
which of the following statements is true about cirrhosis
it is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol , free radicals, and acetaldehyde."
biological treatment
it used to block individuals desire to drink, as well to reduce the intensity of side effects related to withdrawal
Phase 2 of alcohol withdrawal
occurs typically 15 to 30 hours after cessation and is characterized by convulsive activity
parental factors
parental modeling or lack of guidance can contribute to alcohol abuse
Gaba is responsible for what
responsible for slowing down this means less brain activity and a feeling of relaxation. - alcohol increases GABA and slows neuronal firing
alcohol withdrawal
similar to benzos withdrawal seizures - heavy users should not be encouraged to quit cold turkey
genetic vulnerability
strong genetic correlation. Addiction may be a result of a lack of dopamine receptors and the resulting of self modification
Reciprocal influence model
the idea that alcohol use will increase individuals popularity and acceptance by peers.
Susceptibility to blackouts and brownouts is also a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism.
true
alcohol damages every organ of the body true or false
true
Alcohol Use and Dependence
1 out of 7 in the us meet the criteria for alcohol abuse (13 million people) - 37 percent of alcohol abusers suffer from at least one other mental health disorder
when did the gin epidemic start (5.4)
1700's as a result of distilled process - wine beer provide very little health benefits as compared to earlier counterparts
in the United States, approximately what percentage of hospital admissions are due to medical complications related alcohol use?"
25- 30 percent
On average, the body can metabolize and eliminate 1 ounce of pure alcohol (the equivalent of about 1.5 standard drinks) in what time frame?
3 hours
alcohol is involved in
50 percent of murders -40 percent of assaults -50 percent rapes - 30 percent suicide
"Prolonged heavy drinking increases sexual functioning, desire, and the intensity of orgasm."
False
The alcoholic content of most U.S. wines is generally lower than European wines.
False
The name of the first enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is the alcohol dehydration enzyme.
False
alcohol increases what neurotransmitter
GABA
Alcohol history
Mead was one of the first alcoholic beverages. It was made from fermented honey dates back to the stone age. -(paleothic era) - wine making is associated with Egyptians - benefits of early alcohol consumption far outweighed the consequences
"Although alcohol is absorbed at different rates, metabolism occurs at a relatively defined continuous rate."
True
One of the most long-lasting effects of alcohol abuse is an inability to experience normal sexual relationships.
True
body's protection to alcohol
-physical and psychological impairments -expulsion ( vomiting) -unconsciousness (coma)
what percent of alcohol abusers are related to emergency room visits
33 percent
what alcohol level can result in death
4-5 percent of BAC can result in death minor alcohol withdrawal consists of headache, nausea, fatigue
0.015
Alcohol is metabolized at a rate of approximately ______ reduction in blood alcohol concentration per hour.
neurobiology
activation of the pleasure pathway - ( dopamine)
Phase 1 of alcohol withdrawal
begins in 5 to 6 hours after cessation and is characterized by severe tremors, agitation headache, nausea, cramping and sometimes hallucinations
alcohol
depressant - the effects of depressants are enhanced when taking with another drug - with alcohol overdose which means getting drunk comes with impaired muscular coordination, speech, vision, and thought process -