Chapter 5 Psych 4250

The variation in peopleÕs reactions to alcohol is due in part to hereditary factors that affect how efficiently the body metabolizes alcohol.

True

alcohol withdrawal can be lethal true or false ?

True

Levels of use with alcohol

abstention -experimentation -social/ recreational ( no set pattern) -habituation ( no negative consequences) -abuse ( use despite consequences) -addiction ( constant use, inability to use)

what is the most dangerous psychoactive drug

alcohol

stress reduction

alcohol has relaxing properties many use it to help them cope with life stressors.

phase 3 of alcohol withdrawal

begins 1 to 2 days after cessation and may include delirium. tremens because of this many people will begin drinking again.

alcohol costs

cost related effect from alcohol cost the us around 185,000 ,0000,000 annually -100,00 die a year related to alcohol diseases ( 3rd major cause of death) - the average lifespan of an alcoholic is 12 years less than an alcoholic

what is common among alcoholics

cross tolerance this is when an individual becomes tolerant to more than one depressant.

"High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing."

decreasing | decreased

The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger."

deepens

Which of the following would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?

diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda

which of the following statements is true about cirrhosis

it is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol , free radicals, and acetaldehyde."

biological treatment

it used to block individuals desire to drink, as well to reduce the intensity of side effects related to withdrawal

Phase 2 of alcohol withdrawal

occurs typically 15 to 30 hours after cessation and is characterized by convulsive activity

parental factors

parental modeling or lack of guidance can contribute to alcohol abuse

Gaba is responsible for what

responsible for slowing down this means less brain activity and a feeling of relaxation. - alcohol increases GABA and slows neuronal firing

alcohol withdrawal

similar to benzos withdrawal seizures - heavy users should not be encouraged to quit cold turkey

genetic vulnerability

strong genetic correlation. Addiction may be a result of a lack of dopamine receptors and the resulting of self modification

Reciprocal influence model

the idea that alcohol use will increase individuals popularity and acceptance by peers.

Susceptibility to blackouts and brownouts is also a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism.

true

alcohol damages every organ of the body true or false

true

Alcohol Use and Dependence

1 out of 7 in the us meet the criteria for alcohol abuse (13 million people) - 37 percent of alcohol abusers suffer from at least one other mental health disorder

when did the gin epidemic start (5.4)

1700's as a result of distilled process - wine beer provide very little health benefits as compared to earlier counterparts

in the United States, approximately what percentage of hospital admissions are due to medical complications related alcohol use?"

25- 30 percent

On average, the body can metabolize and eliminate 1 ounce of pure alcohol (the equivalent of about 1.5 standard drinks) in what time frame?

3 hours

alcohol is involved in

50 percent of murders -40 percent of assaults -50 percent rapes - 30 percent suicide

"Prolonged heavy drinking increases sexual functioning, desire, and the intensity of orgasm."

False

The alcoholic content of most U.S. wines is generally lower than European wines.

False

The name of the first enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is the alcohol dehydration enzyme.

False

alcohol increases what neurotransmitter

GABA

Alcohol history

Mead was one of the first alcoholic beverages. It was made from fermented honey dates back to the stone age. -(paleothic era) - wine making is associated with Egyptians - benefits of early alcohol consumption far outweighed the consequences

"Although alcohol is absorbed at different rates, metabolism occurs at a relatively defined continuous rate."

True

One of the most long-lasting effects of alcohol abuse is an inability to experience normal sexual relationships.

True

body's protection to alcohol

-physical and psychological impairments -expulsion ( vomiting) -unconsciousness (coma)

what percent of alcohol abusers are related to emergency room visits

33 percent

what alcohol level can result in death

4-5 percent of BAC can result in death minor alcohol withdrawal consists of headache, nausea, fatigue

0.015

Alcohol is metabolized at a rate of approximately ______ reduction in blood alcohol concentration per hour.

neurobiology

activation of the pleasure pathway - ( dopamine)

Phase 1 of alcohol withdrawal

begins in 5 to 6 hours after cessation and is characterized by severe tremors, agitation headache, nausea, cramping and sometimes hallucinations

alcohol

depressant - the effects of depressants are enhanced when taking with another drug - with alcohol overdose which means getting drunk comes with impaired muscular coordination, speech, vision, and thought process -